Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Me...Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Measurements can be performed noninvasively using optics-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).By combining energy con-sumption data provided by NIRS with muscle level activation data from sEMG,we may gain an insight into the metabolic and functional characteristics of muscle tissue.However,muscle mo-tion may induce artifacts into EMG and NIRS.Thus,the inclusion of simultaneous motion measurements using accelerometers(ACMs)enhances possibilities to perceive the effects of motion on NIRS and EMG signals.This paper reviews the current state of noninvasive EMG and NIRS-based methods used to study muscle function.In addition,we built a combined sEMG/NIRS/ACM sensor to perform simultaneous measurements for static and dynamic exercises of a biceps brachii muscle.Further,we discuss the effect of muscle motion in response of NIRS and EMG when measured noninva-sively.Based on our preliminary studies,both NIRS and EMG supply specific information on muscle activation,but their signal responses also showed similarities with acceleration signals which,in this case,were supposed to be solely sensitive to motions.展开更多
It is well-established that individual innovativeness is an indispensable quality for employees working in a variety of workplace environments.However,the interaction between the psychological and organizational facto...It is well-established that individual innovativeness is an indispensable quality for employees working in a variety of workplace environments.However,the interaction between the psychological and organizational factors influencing innovativeness remains unclear.This study seeks to address that research gap by examining a model comprising a mix of psychological factors(implicit theory and goal orientation)and organizational culture.Data were collected from 315 staff members working in 34 different departments/schools at Tampere University,Finland.The study employed a Bayesian multilevel path analysis that matched the hierarchical structure of the data to test the hypotheses.The results suggest that psychological factors reflecting goal orientation are the most important for interpreting individual innovativeness.Specifically,mastery goal orientation was shown to be a positive predictor and performance-approach goal orientation a negative predictor of innovativeness.Unexpectedly,departmental culture had neither a direct effect on innovativeness nor a moderation effect on the relationships between the psychological variables and innovativeness.Plausible explanations for these results and implications for future research are discussed.展开更多
文摘Noninvasive techniques,surface electromyography(sEMG)in particular,are being increasingly employed for assessing muscle activity.In these studies,local oxygen consumption and muscle metabolism are of great interest.Measurements can be performed noninvasively using optics-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS).By combining energy con-sumption data provided by NIRS with muscle level activation data from sEMG,we may gain an insight into the metabolic and functional characteristics of muscle tissue.However,muscle mo-tion may induce artifacts into EMG and NIRS.Thus,the inclusion of simultaneous motion measurements using accelerometers(ACMs)enhances possibilities to perceive the effects of motion on NIRS and EMG signals.This paper reviews the current state of noninvasive EMG and NIRS-based methods used to study muscle function.In addition,we built a combined sEMG/NIRS/ACM sensor to perform simultaneous measurements for static and dynamic exercises of a biceps brachii muscle.Further,we discuss the effect of muscle motion in response of NIRS and EMG when measured noninva-sively.Based on our preliminary studies,both NIRS and EMG supply specific information on muscle activation,but their signal responses also showed similarities with acceleration signals which,in this case,were supposed to be solely sensitive to motions.
文摘It is well-established that individual innovativeness is an indispensable quality for employees working in a variety of workplace environments.However,the interaction between the psychological and organizational factors influencing innovativeness remains unclear.This study seeks to address that research gap by examining a model comprising a mix of psychological factors(implicit theory and goal orientation)and organizational culture.Data were collected from 315 staff members working in 34 different departments/schools at Tampere University,Finland.The study employed a Bayesian multilevel path analysis that matched the hierarchical structure of the data to test the hypotheses.The results suggest that psychological factors reflecting goal orientation are the most important for interpreting individual innovativeness.Specifically,mastery goal orientation was shown to be a positive predictor and performance-approach goal orientation a negative predictor of innovativeness.Unexpectedly,departmental culture had neither a direct effect on innovativeness nor a moderation effect on the relationships between the psychological variables and innovativeness.Plausible explanations for these results and implications for future research are discussed.
