A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer’s disease(AD).This has inspired the hypothesis that microbial infe...A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer’s disease(AD).This has inspired the hypothesis that microbial infections increase the risk or even trigger the onset of AD.Multiple models have been developed to explain the increase in pathogenic microbes in AD patients.Although this hypothesis is well accepted in the field,it is not yet clear whether microbial neuroinvasion is a cause of AD or a consequence of the pathological changes experienced by the demented brain.Along the same line,the gut microbiome has also been proposed as a modulator of AD.In this review,we focus on human-based evidence demonstrating the elevated abundance of microbes and microbe-derived molecules in AD hosts as well as their interactions with AD hallmarks.Further,the direct-purpose and potential off-target effects underpinning the efficacy of anti-microbial treatments in AD are also addressed.展开更多
基金supported by grants from NIH(RF1AG072491 to RM and TB),the Alzheimer’s Association(AARGD-22-972125 to RM and AARG-D-NTF-19-61645 to TB)the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium(AGT009122 to RM and TB).
文摘A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer’s disease(AD).This has inspired the hypothesis that microbial infections increase the risk or even trigger the onset of AD.Multiple models have been developed to explain the increase in pathogenic microbes in AD patients.Although this hypothesis is well accepted in the field,it is not yet clear whether microbial neuroinvasion is a cause of AD or a consequence of the pathological changes experienced by the demented brain.Along the same line,the gut microbiome has also been proposed as a modulator of AD.In this review,we focus on human-based evidence demonstrating the elevated abundance of microbes and microbe-derived molecules in AD hosts as well as their interactions with AD hallmarks.Further,the direct-purpose and potential off-target effects underpinning the efficacy of anti-microbial treatments in AD are also addressed.
