Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide.However,data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce.We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a v...Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide.However,data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce.We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence,Italy between 2007 and 2017.This cohort included 86 men and 25 women.DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood,and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways previously shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of suicide were analysed.Next-generation sequencing was used to compare these gene sequences with those from a large,normal population.In this study,we identified 19 gene variants that were present at significantly lower frequencies in our Italian cohort than in the general population.In addition,four missense mutations were identified in four different genes:Monoamine Oxidase A(MAOA),5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2 A(HTR2A),Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8(SCN8A),and Nitric Oxide Synthase 3(NOS3).Our study identified several potential genetic links with suicide in a cohort of Italians and supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour in this population.展开更多
Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide worldwide.Despite the high incidence,only a little knowledge about the pattern of cadaver colonization by insects on hanging corpse is available.Different types of ...Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide worldwide.Despite the high incidence,only a little knowledge about the pattern of cadaver colonization by insects on hanging corpse is available.Different types of hanging can alter the body decomposition process as well as the pattern and rate of insect colonization.Two case studies where the hanging occurred with a similar postmortem interval of 34 days are described.The two bodies showed different patterns of insect colonization and decomposition scored using the Total Body Score (TBS) and the TBS for hanging (TBShang).The first case was about the body of a 24-years-old male,with mummification of the unclothed upper anatomical parts.A TBS of 14 and a TBShang of 18 were assigned.The second body,belonging to a 1 S-years-old male,was found pre-skeletonized lying on the ground with the skull disarticulated.A TBS of 31 and a TBShang of 32 were assigned.Average temperatures of (21.5 ± 2.5) ℃ for the first body and (25.1 ± 2.7) ℃ for the second body were recorded in the 34 days preceding the bodies' discovery for a total of 731 and 853 Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) respectively.According to previous studies,the different decomposition patterns were related to temperatures of exposition and to the diversity of arthropod community found on the bodies because of the different types of hanging: totally suspended vs.in contact with the soil.The limited insect activity caused by hanging explains the delay in decomposition of hanging bodies in which mummification can take place,especially on the upper body parts.In vertical body position,the body fluids accumulated in the lower body parts accelerating the desiccation of soft tissues on the upper parts.The effect of gravity can also explain the decrease of internal maggot mass as larvae easily fall from the hanging body to the drip zones below where they are unable to recolonize the body if totally suspended.Furthermore,in a hanging body a greater surface is exposed to wind and sun with a quicker skin drying preventing the additional Diptera colonization.This paper shows the weaknesses of scoring scales and regression models developed to predict ADD when irregular decomposition and mummification have not taken into account.展开更多
文摘Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide.However,data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce.We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence,Italy between 2007 and 2017.This cohort included 86 men and 25 women.DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood,and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways previously shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of suicide were analysed.Next-generation sequencing was used to compare these gene sequences with those from a large,normal population.In this study,we identified 19 gene variants that were present at significantly lower frequencies in our Italian cohort than in the general population.In addition,four missense mutations were identified in four different genes:Monoamine Oxidase A(MAOA),5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2 A(HTR2A),Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8(SCN8A),and Nitric Oxide Synthase 3(NOS3).Our study identified several potential genetic links with suicide in a cohort of Italians and supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour in this population.
文摘Hanging is one of the most common methods of suicide worldwide.Despite the high incidence,only a little knowledge about the pattern of cadaver colonization by insects on hanging corpse is available.Different types of hanging can alter the body decomposition process as well as the pattern and rate of insect colonization.Two case studies where the hanging occurred with a similar postmortem interval of 34 days are described.The two bodies showed different patterns of insect colonization and decomposition scored using the Total Body Score (TBS) and the TBS for hanging (TBShang).The first case was about the body of a 24-years-old male,with mummification of the unclothed upper anatomical parts.A TBS of 14 and a TBShang of 18 were assigned.The second body,belonging to a 1 S-years-old male,was found pre-skeletonized lying on the ground with the skull disarticulated.A TBS of 31 and a TBShang of 32 were assigned.Average temperatures of (21.5 ± 2.5) ℃ for the first body and (25.1 ± 2.7) ℃ for the second body were recorded in the 34 days preceding the bodies' discovery for a total of 731 and 853 Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) respectively.According to previous studies,the different decomposition patterns were related to temperatures of exposition and to the diversity of arthropod community found on the bodies because of the different types of hanging: totally suspended vs.in contact with the soil.The limited insect activity caused by hanging explains the delay in decomposition of hanging bodies in which mummification can take place,especially on the upper body parts.In vertical body position,the body fluids accumulated in the lower body parts accelerating the desiccation of soft tissues on the upper parts.The effect of gravity can also explain the decrease of internal maggot mass as larvae easily fall from the hanging body to the drip zones below where they are unable to recolonize the body if totally suspended.Furthermore,in a hanging body a greater surface is exposed to wind and sun with a quicker skin drying preventing the additional Diptera colonization.This paper shows the weaknesses of scoring scales and regression models developed to predict ADD when irregular decomposition and mummification have not taken into account.
