PVD制备TiAlSiN涂层的研究进展

概述了物理气相沉积(PVD)技术制备TiAlSiN涂层的研究现状及发展趋势,详细分析了Si元素的添加及Si与Al元素的含量对TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构、力学性能、高温抗氧化性和热稳定性的影响。解决PVD制备TiAlSiN涂层较低的膜基结合力和较大的残余应力等问题应是今后重点研究的方向。

Tumour Associated Tissue Eosinophilia as a Prognostic Indicator in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Upper Aerodigestive Tract

Immune response is known to develop against malignant tumours. Malignant tumours express newer antigen on their cell surface membrane which elicit immunological reaction in and around tumoural tissue. In early part of immune reaction neutrophil, eosinophil migrates followed by monocyte-macrophage cell. Tumor associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is believed to play a significant role in the biological behavior of the carcinoma. Eosinophil infiltrate in association with the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been reviewed from time-to-time. The significance of such an association has been variably thought to be either a potential diagnostic tool for stromal invasion or as a prognostic indicator. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the possible role of the tumour associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) as a predictive indicator for the grading and establishing prognosis of the upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Parallel Fuzzy P+Fuzzy I+Fuzzy D Controller:Design and Performance Evaluation

In this paper, a parallel fuzzy proportional plus fuzzy integral plus fuzzy derivative （FP＋FI＋FD） controller is proposed. It is derived from the conventional parallel proportional-integral-derivative （PID） controller. It preserves the linear structure of a conventional parallel PID controller, with analytical formulas. The final shape of the controller is a discrete-time fuzzy version of a conventional parallel PID controller. Computer simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the FP＋FI＋FD controller for setpoint tracking and load-disturbance rejection for some complex processes, such as first- and second-order processes with delay, inverse response process with and without delay and higher order processes. Also, the performance of the proposed fuzzy controller is evaluated experimentally on highly nonlinear liquid-flow process with a hysteresis characteristic due to a pneumatic control valve. The simulation and real time control is done using National InstrumentTM hardware and software （LabVIEWTM）. The response of the FP＋FI＋FD controller is compared with the conventional parallel PID controller, tuned with the Ziegler-Nichols （Z-H） and /~strSm- H^gglund （A-H） tuning technique. It is observed that the FP＋FI＋FD controller performed much better than the conventional PI/PID controller. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed parallel FP＋FI＋FD controller.

Identification,synthesis and characterization of an unknown process related impurity in eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC/ESI-IT/MS,~1H,^(13)C and ~1H-~1H COSY NMR

A new impurity was detected during high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） analysis of eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient. The structure of unknown impurity was postulated based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization and ion trap analyzer （LC/ESI-IT/MS） analysis. Proposed structure of impurity was unambiguously confirmed by synthesis followed by characterization using 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry （NMR）, 1H-1H correlation spectro-scopy （COSY） and infrared spectroscopy （IR）. Based on the spectroscopic and spectrometric data, unknown impurity was characterized as 5-carbamoyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-10-yl propionate.

Indian stock market prediction using artificial neural networks on tick data

Introduction:Nowadays,the most significant challenges in the stock market is to predict the stock prices.The stock price data represents a financial time series data which becomes more difficult to predict due to its characteristics and dynamic nature.Case description:Support Vector Machines(SVM)and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN)are widely used for prediction of stock prices and its movements.Every algorithm has its way of learning patterns and then predicting.Artificial Neural Network(ANN)is a popular method which also incorporate technical analysis for making predictions in financial markets.Discussion and evaluation:Most common techniques used in the forecasting of financial time series are Support Vector Machine(SVM),Support Vector Regression(SVR)and Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN).In this article,we use neural networks based on three different learning algorithms,i.e.,Levenberg-Marquardt,Scaled Conjugate Gradient and Bayesian Regularization for stock market prediction based on tick data as well as 15-min data of an Indian company and their results compared.Conclusion:All three algorithms provide an accuracy of 99.9%using tick data.The accuracy over 15-min dataset drops to 96.2%,97.0%and 98.9%for LM,SCG and Bayesian Regularization respectively which is significantly poor in comparison with that of results obtained using tick data.

RTV silicone rubber composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes,titanium-di-oxide and their hybrid:Mechanical and piezoelectric actuation performance

The use of nanofillers with high surface area and extreme purity in polymer composite is an effective strategy to obtain high performance polymeric nanocomposites.Therefore,the effect of nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes(CNT),titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),and their hybrid on rubber-based composites was studied.In this study,rubber nanocomposites were fabricated by using room temperature vulcanized(RTV)silicone rubber matrix and nanofillers(i.e.CNT,TiO_(2),and CNT-TiO_(2))through solution casting method.Here,the purity and surface area of CNT(purity:>96%and BET surface area:300 m2/g)and TiO_(2)(purity:>98%and BET surface area:165 m2/g)were estimated by field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray(FESEM-EDX)and adsorption isotherms.The mechanical properties of the rubber nanocomposites were enhanced by incorporating nanofillers.The compressive modulus was 2.18 MPa for unfilled composites and increased to 6.8 MPa(CNT),3.95 MPa(CNT-TiO_(2)),and 2.44 MPa(TiO_(2))at 5 phr,respectively.Similarly,the tensile strength was 0.54 MPa for unfilled composites and increased to 1.37 MPa(CNT),1.33 MPa(CNT-TiO_(2))and 0.61 MPa(TiO_(2))at 5 phr,respectively.Further,the actuation displacement was improved with increasing input voltage and it was 2 mm for CNT,1.6 mm for CNT-TiO_(2) hybrid and 0.5 mm for TiO_(2) at 10 kV.Moreover,a series of experiments show the potential application in piezoelectric actuation.

Experiences with Rice Grown on Permanent Raised Beds: Effect of Crop Establishment Techniques on Water Use, Productivity, Profitability and Soil Physical Properties

In recent years, conventional rice production technologies have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labor. Conservation agriculture （CA） based resource-conserving technologies i.e. zero-tillage （ZT）, raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice （DSR） have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. Present study was undertaken during 2009-2012 to establish an understanding of how permanent raised bed cropping system could be practiced to save water at the field application level to improve water productivity and also have the capability to enhance productivity, profitability and soil physical quality. The results showed that among different crop establishment techniques, conventional-tilled puddle transplanted rice （CT-TPR） required 14%-25% more water than other techniques. Compared with the CT-TPR system, zero till direct-seeded rice （ZT-DSR） consumed 6%-10%less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. Wide raised beds saved about 15%-24% water and grain yield decrease of about 8%. Direct-seeded rice after ZT or reduced tillage or on unpuddled soil provided more net income than CT-TPR. The CT-TPR system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation （〉 0.25 mm） were higher under permanent beds and ZT and lower in the CT-TPR system. Under CT-TPR, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the rice productivity, CA-based planting techniques can be more viable options. However, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies in western Uttar Pradesh, India.

Novel Nitrobenzazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium Salts Induce Cell Death through a Mechanism Involving DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Changes, and Mitochondrial Permeabilization

This study reports the capacity of three nitro substituted benzazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts NBQs: NBQ 95 (NSC-763304), NBQ 38 (NSC 763305), and NBQ 97 (NSC-763306) as potential antitumor agents. NBQ’s are unnatural alkaloids possessing a positive charge that could facilitate interaction with cell organelles. The anticancer activities of these compounds were evaluated through the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 cell line screening which represents diverse histologies. The screening was performed at 10 μM on all cell lines. Results from the NCI screening indicated cytotoxicity activity on six cell lines. In order to explore a possible mechanism of action, a detailed biological activity study of NBQ 95 and NBQ 38 was performed on A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells to determine an apoptotic pathway involving, cell cycle changes, DNA fragmentation, mutations, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspases activation. DNA fragmentation, cell cycle effects, mutagenesis, mitochondrial permeabilization and activation of caspases were determined by fluorimetry and differential imaging. Our data showed that A431 growth was inhibited with an average IC50 of 30 mM. In terms of the mechanism, these compounds interacted with DNA causing fragmentation and cell cycle arrest at sub G0/G1 stage. Mutagenesis was higher for NBQ 38 and moderate for NBQ 95 Mitochondrial permeabilization was observed with NBQ 38 and slightly for NBQ 95. Both compounds caused activation of Caspases 3 and 7 suggesting an apoptotic cell death pathway through an intrinsic mechanism. This study reports evidence of the toxicity of these novel compounds with overlapping structural and mechanistic similarities to ellipticine, a known anti-tumor compound.

Holographically fabricated, highly reflective nanoporous polymeric distributed Bragg reflectors with red, green,and blue colors [Invited]

We report holographic fabrication of nanoporous distributed Bragg reflector(DBR) films with periodic nanoscale porosity via a single-prism conuration. The nanoporous DBR films result from the phase separation in a material recipe, which consists of a polymerizable acrylate monomer and nonreactive volatile solvent. By changing the interfering angle of two laser beams, we achieve the nanoporous DBR films with highly reflective red,green, and blue colors. The reflection band of the nanoporous DBR films can be tuned by further filling different liquids into the pores inside the films, resulting in the color change accordingly. Experimental results show that such kinds of nanoporous DBR films could be potentially useful for many applications, such as color filters and refractive index sensors.

Si对Ti-Al-Si-N涂层微观结构及性能的影响

Ti-Al-Si-N涂层是在Ti-Al-N涂层基础上发展而来的一种四元复合涂层。本文综述了Si对Ti-Al-Si-N涂层微观结构、硬度、残余应力、抗氧化性能、热稳定性能、摩擦磨损性能及切削性能的影响。分析表明:Si元素能有效细化晶粒,减少柱状晶,形成新型纳米结构,从而显著提高涂层硬度,可达39 GPa;Si的原子分数超过5%后,涂层残余应力逐渐降低;Ti-Al-Si-N涂层在1 100℃下仍具有良好的抗氧化性能;Si元素使涂层的热稳定性能有很大提高,Ti-Al-Si-N涂层1 100℃氧化后硬度无显著变化;与Ti-Al-N涂层相比,添加Si元素后涂层的摩擦系数由0.7下降至0.5;Ti-Al-Si-N涂层刀具的使用寿命与Si原子分数有很大的关系。

Improved Fracture Toughness of Cryorolled and Room Temperature Rolled 6082 Al Alloys

In the present work, 6082 Al alloy has been rolled to 40% and 70% thickness reductions at the cryogenic and room temperatures for the improvement in mechanical and fracture toughness properties. All cryorolled samples are subjected to aging at different temperatures, i.e., 140, 160, and 190 ℃ to improve the strength, ductility, and fracture toughness. The microstructures of the cryorolled （CR） and room temperature rolled （RTR） alloy after 40% and 70% thickness reductions are characterized by FE-SEM to reveal the modes of failure. The results show that the starting bulk Al alloy specimen is fractured in total ductile manner, consisting of well-developed dimples over the entire surface. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the 70% CR alloy are found better than 70% RTR alloy due to higher dislocations density and formation of sub-grain structures in the CR alloy.

Stability Analysis of Parallel Fuzzy P + Fuzzy I + Fuzzy D Control Systems

The study presented in this paper is in continuation with the paper published by the authors on parallel fuzzy proportional plus fuzzy integral plus fuzzy derivative （FP ＋ FI ＋ FD） controller. It addresses the stability analysis of parallel FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller. The famous＂small gain theorem＂ is used to study the bounded-input and bounded-output （BIBO） stability of the fuzzy controller. Sufficient BIBO-stability conditions are developed for parallel FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller. FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller is derived from the conventional parallel proportional plus integral plus derivative （PID） controller. The parallel FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller is actually a nonlinear controller with variable gains. It shows much better set-point tracking, disturbance rejection and noise suppression for nonlinear processes as compared to conventional PID controller.

Some Investigations on Fuzzy P+Fuzzy I+Fuzzy D Controller for Non-stationary Process

The paper addresses the adaptive behaviour of parallel fuzzy proportional plus fuzzy integral plus fuzzy derivative (FP+FI+FD) controller. The parallel FP+FI+FD controller is actually a non-linear adaptive controller whose gain changes continuously with output of the process under control. Two non-stationary processes, whose characteristics change with time, are considered for simulation study. Simulation is performed using software LabVIEW TM . The set-point tracking response of parallel FP+FI+FD is compared with conventional parallel proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller, tuned with the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning technique. Simulation results show that conventional PID controller fails to track the set-point and becomes unstable as the process changes its characteristic with time. But the parallel FP+FI+FD controller shows considerably much better set-point tracking response and does not deviate from steady state. Also, a huge spike is observed in the output of PID controller as the reference set-point and process parameters are changed, while the FP+FI+FD controller gives spike free control signal.

A Robust Fractional Order Fuzzy P ＋ Fuzzy I ＋ Fuzzy D Controller for Nonlinear and Uncertain System

In this paper, a robust fractional order fuzzy P ＋ fuzzy I ＋ fuzzy D （FOFP ＋ FOFI ＋ FOFD） controller is presented for a nonlinear and uncertain 2-1ink planar rigid manipulator. It is a nonlinear fuzzy controller with variable gains that makes it self- adjustable or adaptive in nature. The fractional order operators further make it more robust by providing additional degrees of freedom to the design engineer. The integer order counterpart, fuzzy P ＋ fuzzy I ＋ fuzzy D （FP ＋ FI ＋ FD） controller, for a comparative study, was realized by taking the integer value for the fractional order operators in FOFP ＋ FOFI ＋ FOFD controller. The performances of both the fuzzy controllers are evaluated for reference trajectory tracking and disturbance rejection with and without model uncertainty and measurement noise. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of controller under study for minimum integral of absolute error. Simulation results demonstrated that FOFP ＋ FOFI ＋ FOFD controller show much better performance as compared to its counterpart FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller in servo as well as the regulatory problem and in model uncertainty and noisy environment FOFP ＋ FOFI ＋ FOFD controller demonstrated more robust behavior as compared to the FP ＋ FI ＋ FD controller. For the developed controller bounded-input and bounded-output stability conditions are also developed using Small Gain Theorem.

Some Investigations on Hybrid Fuzzy IPD Controllers for Proportional and Derivative Kick Suppression

Proportional and derivative kick i.e., a large change in control action of a proportional plus integral plus derivative （PID） controller due to a sudden change in reference set-point is generally undesired in process industry. Therefore, the structure of conventional parallel PID controller is modified to integral minus proportional derivative （I-PD） controller. In this paper, three hybrid fuzzy IPD controllers such as a fuzzy I-fuzzy PD （FI-FPD） controller and its hybrid combinations with its conventional counterpart such as fuzzy I-PD （FI-PD） and I-fuzzy PD （I-FPD） are presented in view of above industrial problem. These controllers are based upon the counterpart conventional I-PD controller and contains analytical formulae. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of hybrid fuzzy controllers along with conventional I-PD and PID controllers for set-point tracking and disturbance rejection for an induction motor in closed loop using LabVIEWTM environment. The gains of conventional and hybrid fuzzy controllers are tuned using genetic algorithm （GA） for minimum overshoot and settling time. It has been observed that hybrid fuzzy controllers along with the conventional I-PD controller significantly remove the kick from the control action in reference set-point tracking. However, in disturbance rejection, I-PD and FI-PD controllers fail to eliminate the kick from the control signal. In contrast, FI-FPD and I-FPD controllers considerably reduced spikes from the control action in disturbance rejection. Among the conventional and hybrid fuzzy IPD controllers, FI--FPD demonstrates much better set-point tracking and disturbance rejection response with spike free control action.