Airlines and the aviation industry are committed to emission reduction targets. Biokerosene was pointed out as one of the key elements to achieving this goal. The use of oilseeds in the production of biokerosene is in...Airlines and the aviation industry are committed to emission reduction targets. Biokerosene was pointed out as one of the key elements to achieving this goal. The use of oilseeds in the production of biokerosene is interesting due to the great Brazilian experience in the production of biofuels from this raw material. In view of this scenario, this dissertation has as its main objective the definition of the place of implantation of a biorefinery in Brazilian territory that has aviation biokerosene as its main product. For this, data on supply and demand for fossil aviation kerosene in Brazilian regions were collected, an extensive review was carried out in scientific articles on the oleaginous raw materials used for the production of this biofuel, and logistical parameters were selected and used as criteria for that selection. The oilseeds selected for the production of biofuel were macaúba and soybean and the state was chosen for the implementation of the biorefinery was Goiás. Based on logistical parameters, the city of Formosa (GO) was selected to host the biorefinery. The soybean crushers located in Luziania, Anápolis, Ipameri, and Itumbiara were chosen as suppliers of soybean oil and the city of Formosa (GO) as the headquarters for the commercial planting of macaúba. The destination of this fuel will be Petrobrás Distribuidora S.A., an aviation fuel distributor authorized by the ANP based in the city of Brasília (DF).展开更多
Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production o...Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.展开更多
Microalgae are unicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis, turning sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) into rich biomass. Precisely because of this definition, in recent years various sectors have been targeting th...Microalgae are unicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis, turning sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) into rich biomass. Precisely because of this definition, in recent years various sectors have been targeting their ability to reduce CO2 emissions and the capacity of simultaneously synthesize biomass which can be later used to produce bio-fuels. Besides being considered fast-growth microorganisms, microalgae have a diverse biochemical composition with similar characteristics to traditional biomass. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the biofixation of CO2 by the microalgae Monoraphidium sp., cultivated in a closed-window type photobioreactor, as well as characterization of microalgal biomass produced in relation to the total lipid content (TL), lipids converted into biodiesel (LCB), carbohydrates and proteins. The results achieved showed that the best result was obtained after 24 h of cultivation, where for each gram of biomass produced approximately 1.2 g of CO2 were consumed. In the growth phase the average biomass productivity in the Janela photobioreactor was 58 mg·L-1·day-1 concluding that microalgae culture systems could be coupled to the chimneys of large industries emitters CO2 using this gas, resulting from combustion processes, in the process of photosynthesis. The biomass Monoraphidium sp. produced had a content of lipids converted into biodiesel of approximately 8.36% ± 2.69%, carbohydrates 32% ± 3.37% and proteins 34.26% ± 0.41%.展开更多
文摘Airlines and the aviation industry are committed to emission reduction targets. Biokerosene was pointed out as one of the key elements to achieving this goal. The use of oilseeds in the production of biokerosene is interesting due to the great Brazilian experience in the production of biofuels from this raw material. In view of this scenario, this dissertation has as its main objective the definition of the place of implantation of a biorefinery in Brazilian territory that has aviation biokerosene as its main product. For this, data on supply and demand for fossil aviation kerosene in Brazilian regions were collected, an extensive review was carried out in scientific articles on the oleaginous raw materials used for the production of this biofuel, and logistical parameters were selected and used as criteria for that selection. The oilseeds selected for the production of biofuel were macaúba and soybean and the state was chosen for the implementation of the biorefinery was Goiás. Based on logistical parameters, the city of Formosa (GO) was selected to host the biorefinery. The soybean crushers located in Luziania, Anápolis, Ipameri, and Itumbiara were chosen as suppliers of soybean oil and the city of Formosa (GO) as the headquarters for the commercial planting of macaúba. The destination of this fuel will be Petrobrás Distribuidora S.A., an aviation fuel distributor authorized by the ANP based in the city of Brasília (DF).
文摘Renewable hydrocarbons refer to fuels consisting of hydrocarbons of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, produced from biomass, and free of oxygen. Hydrocracking, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrotreatment processes for the production of renewable hydrocarbons are described in the literature. Microalgae have been targeted in recent years to synthesize biomass that can be used in the production of biofuels, such as renewable hydrocarbons, biodiesel or ethanol second generation. In this context the lineage Monoraphidium sp. was selected from previous ecophysiological studies and its potential to produce lipids to develop this research related with the extraction of the bio-oil of the wet biomass of Monoraphidium sp. through heat treatment. Consecutively the bio-oil was used as raw material for the production of hydrocarbons through hydrocracking and hydrodeoxygenation processes (HDO) as: decarbonylation, decarboxylation, dehydratation, with in situ production of hydrogen from liquid-phase reforming of glycerol. The reactions were carried out under two different temperature conditions, 350°C and 300°C, respectively, for 1 h and using ruthenium alumina catalyst (Ru/Al2O3). The results showed the bio-oil processing route at a temperature of 350°C promising for the production of hydrocarbons achieving a conversion of 81.54%.
基金We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)for the financial support and the GREENTEC Laboratory(UFRJ)for their support in the research.
文摘Microalgae are unicellular organisms capable of photosynthesis, turning sunlight and carbon dioxide (CO2) into rich biomass. Precisely because of this definition, in recent years various sectors have been targeting their ability to reduce CO2 emissions and the capacity of simultaneously synthesize biomass which can be later used to produce bio-fuels. Besides being considered fast-growth microorganisms, microalgae have a diverse biochemical composition with similar characteristics to traditional biomass. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the biofixation of CO2 by the microalgae Monoraphidium sp., cultivated in a closed-window type photobioreactor, as well as characterization of microalgal biomass produced in relation to the total lipid content (TL), lipids converted into biodiesel (LCB), carbohydrates and proteins. The results achieved showed that the best result was obtained after 24 h of cultivation, where for each gram of biomass produced approximately 1.2 g of CO2 were consumed. In the growth phase the average biomass productivity in the Janela photobioreactor was 58 mg·L-1·day-1 concluding that microalgae culture systems could be coupled to the chimneys of large industries emitters CO2 using this gas, resulting from combustion processes, in the process of photosynthesis. The biomass Monoraphidium sp. produced had a content of lipids converted into biodiesel of approximately 8.36% ± 2.69%, carbohydrates 32% ± 3.37% and proteins 34.26% ± 0.41%.
