ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON CARBON NANOTUBE FILM WITH DIFFERENT PRETREATMENTS

Wide potential windows were found at carbon nanotube film electrodes in neutral solutions after being treated with nitric acid and mixed acid. Electrochemical reversibility was investigated at carbon nanotube films with different pretreatments for ferri/ferrocyanide and quinone /hydroquinone. Carbon nanotube film electrodes presented quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior for both electrolytes. In the range of scan rate, carbon nanotube film electrodes treated with acids showed heterogeneous electron-transfer properties, which was mainly controlled by its electron state density on the surface of the film. On the whole, the carbon nanotube electrode with nitric acid treatment presented the best electrochemical behaviors, so we chose it as an analytical electrode to determine the trace compound in dilute solution. The results demonstrated that this new electrode material exhibits superior performance characteristics for the detection of azide anion.

ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CARBOXYL-MODIFIED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM ELECTRODES

The electrochemical behavior of a carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube films was investigated to explore its possibility in electroanalytical applicaton. Cyclic voltammetry of quinone was conducted in 1mol/L Na2SO4, which showed a stable, quasi-reversible voltammetric response for quinone / hydroquinone, and the anodic and the cathodic peak potentials were 0.657V and -0.029V (vs. SCE) at a scan rate of 0.1V.s-1, respectively. Both anodic and cathodic peak currents depended linearly on the square root of the scan rate over the range of 0.01-0.5V.s-1, which suggested that the process of the electrode reactions was diffusion-controlled. Carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube electrodes made it possible to determine low level of dopamine selectively in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid in acidic media using derivative voltammetry. The results obtained were discussed in details. This work demonstrates the potential of carboxyl-modified carbon nanotube electrodes for electroanalytical applications.

利用Pms波分裂研究青藏高原东南缘地壳各向异性及变形情况

通过分析青藏高原东南缘新部署的密集地震台阵的接收函数得到了该区域的地壳各向异性。所测量的接收函数Pms波的分裂时间分布在0.02~0.88s,平均分裂时间为0.28s,这远大于近震S波分裂得到的云南地区上地壳(15km以上)累积的分裂时间,表明研究区地壳各向异性主要来自中下地壳(15km以下)。各次级块体内的Pms波的快波偏振方向与主压应力方向基本一致,在一些大型走滑断裂带附近,如小江断裂带、红河断裂带和澜沧江断裂带,快波偏振方向与断裂带走向基本平行。分裂时间在小江断裂带两侧表现出东侧小,西侧大的特征。在块体内部,由于韧性的中下地壳发生差异运动,从而引起物质沿运动方向排列,产生各向异性。小江断裂带、红河断裂带和澜沧江断裂带附近地壳中分布的低速带、高泊松比和高热流表明断裂带下方可能存在部分熔融,因此在这些深的大走滑断裂带下方的各向异性快波方向沿着断裂带走向分布,主要是由于矿物和熔体在断裂带的走滑运动下发生定向排列引起,说明走滑运动控制着断裂带下方地壳的变形模式。对比Pms波与SKS波分裂模式,本文更倾向于认为研究区地壳与上地幔变形解耦。

INFLUENCES OF DENSITY AND DIMENSION OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON THEIR FIELD EMISSION

The influences of density and dimension of carbon nanotubes on their electron emission from arrays are studied. The tip electric field of nanotubes, electric field enhancement factor, and optimum nanotube density are expressed by analytic equations. The theoretical analyses show that the field enhancement factor is sensitive to nanotube density, and can be sharply improved at a specific and optimum density. Some experiments have demonstrated these. Owning to electrostatic screening effect, the length of carbon nanotubes has little effect on their emission. A uniformly-distributed carbon nanotube array model is set up, and applied to analysis of carbon nanotube arrays. The results obtained here are in good agreement with the experimental data.

EFFECT OF ANNEALING TREATMENT ON THE STRUCTURE OF CdS FILMS

The effect of annealing treatment on the structure of CdS films was investigated. The cadmium sulfide thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition, and were annealed at nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The films were characterized by SEM and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to examine the chemical states on the CdS films surface. It was found that thermal annealing could produce large grains of CdS thin films, remove the air contamination and reduce the oxygen content on the CdS films surface. Therefore, the CdS films changed more uniform and smoother surface after thermal annealing.

Multi-scale simulation of columnar-to-equiaxed transition during laser selective melting of rare earth magnesium alloy

A model of coupling macro finite volume method(FVM) and cellular automata(CA) is proposed in this paper to explore the columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET) during selective laser melting(SLM) of rare earth magnesium alloy.Taking into account the impact of recoil pressure and Marangoni convection on the molten pool temperature field,the grain structure is simulated.As suggested by the simulation results,with the undissolved Zr serving as heterogeneous nucleation sites,the liquid undercooled layer under the combined action of forced cooling,the temperature gradient and the liquid solute concentration gradient leads to CET.While considering the dissolution of Zr in magnesium matrix,the results demonstrate that the dissolution of element Zr is effective in significantly inhibiting the growth of columnar crystals and ensuring the sufficient constitutional supercooling(CS) required for nucleation.In addition,to raise the preheating temperature contributes to enhancing the outcome of nucleation and incresing the grain size.Invoking the interdependence model(IM),with the cooling rate gradually increasing in the SLM process of magnesium alloy,the nucleation-free zone(NFZ) reduces by decreasing the solute diffusion layer in the front of the solid/liquid(SL) interface and the temperature gradient.The reduction in temperature gradient can promote undercooling for nucleation and facilitate the development of equiaxed crystals.The simulation results are qualitatively verified as highly consistent through experimentation.