Rose is one of the most important ornamental and economic plants in the world.Modern rose cultivars are primarily tetraploid,and during meiosis,they may exhibit double reduction or preferential chromosome pairing.Ther...Rose is one of the most important ornamental and economic plants in the world.Modern rose cultivars are primarily tetraploid,and during meiosis,they may exhibit double reduction or preferential chromosome pairing.Therefore,the construction of a high density genetic map of tetraploid rose is both challenging and instructive.In this study,a tetraploid rose population was used to conduct a genetic analysis using genome sequencing.A total of 17382 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers were selected from 2308042 detected SNPs.Combined with 440 previously developed simple sequence repeats(SSR)and amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)markers,a marker dosage of 6885 high quality markers was successfully assigned by GATK software in the tetraploid model.These markers were used in the construction of a high density genetic map,containing the expected seven linkage groups with 6842 markers,a total map length of 1158.9 c M,and an average inter-marker distance of 0.18 c M.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis was subsequently performed to characterize the genetic architecture of petal number and flower diameter.One major QTL(qpnum-3-1)was detected for petal number in three consecutive years,which explained 20.18–22.11%of the variation in petal number.Four QTLs were detected for flower diameter;the main locus,qfdia-2-2,was identified in two consecutive years.Our results will benefit the molecular marker-assisted breeding of modern rose cultivars.In addition,this study provides a guide for the genetic and QTL analysis of autotetraploid plants using sequencing-based genotyping methods.展开更多
中药与天然药物在2015~2020年取得多项突破性进展,屠呦呦青蒿素研究获得诺贝尔奖促使国内外掀起研究中药与天然药物的热潮,“甘露寡糖二酸”、“桑枝总生物碱片”等原创药物获得新药证书;多项研究成果入选年度“中国十大医学进展”,在Na...中药与天然药物在2015~2020年取得多项突破性进展,屠呦呦青蒿素研究获得诺贝尔奖促使国内外掀起研究中药与天然药物的热潮,“甘露寡糖二酸”、“桑枝总生物碱片”等原创药物获得新药证书;多项研究成果入选年度“中国十大医学进展”,在Nature、Science、New England Journal of Medicine、Lancet等国际顶级期刊发表了高水平的研究论文,本文梳理总结了这五年期间国内外科学家在国际著名期刊发表中药与天然药物相关的亮点学术成果,并对其在化学、药物资源、药理、制剂、新药开发等相关领域取得的重要进展进行了评述,以期追踪和报道中药与天然药物领域发展的前沿和热点,并通过对其分析得出学科发展的启示和展望。展开更多
LBD(lateral organ boundaries)转录因子在植物生长发育和次生代谢调控中起着重要作用。为了发掘大麻LBD基因的功能,该研究在基因组和转录组水平上利用生物信息学手段,对大麻LBD基因家族进行系统鉴定,并对其表达模式进行分析。结果表明...LBD(lateral organ boundaries)转录因子在植物生长发育和次生代谢调控中起着重要作用。为了发掘大麻LBD基因的功能,该研究在基因组和转录组水平上利用生物信息学手段,对大麻LBD基因家族进行系统鉴定,并对其表达模式进行分析。结果表明,大麻LBD基因家族含有32个成员,可分成2大类,7亚族,ClassⅠ分为5个亚族分别是ClassⅠ_a至ClassⅠ_e,ClassⅡ分为2个亚族分别是ClassⅡ_a和ClassⅡ_b;理化性质分析显示,大麻LBD基因家族编码的氨基酸数目为172~356,等电点为4.92~9.43,相对分子质量为18 862.92~40 081.33,大部分成员定位于细胞核中;染色体定位显示32个成员不均一地分布在大麻的10条染色体上;LBD转录因子结构域、基因结构和Motifs相对保守,不同类成员特征相近;基因上游启动子区含有多种植物激素及环境因子相关的顺式作用元件,表明LBD基因的表达可能会受到激素和外界环境因素的诱导;大麻LBD基因在ZYS品种(低四氢大麻酚,高二氢大麻酚)茎、叶、花的表达模式不同,LBD基因家族成员主要在ZYS品种的花和茎中表达,而在叶中表达的成员很少;ClassⅡ成员CsLBD21和CsLBD23在花和茎中表达,CsLBD8和CsLBD18在花、茎和叶中均有表达,这些基因可能参与大麻的生长发育发育进而影响大麻素的生物合成。该研究为后续大麻LBD基因家族的功能研究奠定了基础。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600565)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes,China(ZZ13-YQ-053)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Beijing Common Construction Project,ChinaDr.Peter M.Bourke from Plant Breeding,Wageningen University&Research,The Netherlands,was partly funded through the TKI polyploids project(BO-26.03-009-004 and BO-50-002-022)。
文摘Rose is one of the most important ornamental and economic plants in the world.Modern rose cultivars are primarily tetraploid,and during meiosis,they may exhibit double reduction or preferential chromosome pairing.Therefore,the construction of a high density genetic map of tetraploid rose is both challenging and instructive.In this study,a tetraploid rose population was used to conduct a genetic analysis using genome sequencing.A total of 17382 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers were selected from 2308042 detected SNPs.Combined with 440 previously developed simple sequence repeats(SSR)and amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)markers,a marker dosage of 6885 high quality markers was successfully assigned by GATK software in the tetraploid model.These markers were used in the construction of a high density genetic map,containing the expected seven linkage groups with 6842 markers,a total map length of 1158.9 c M,and an average inter-marker distance of 0.18 c M.Quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis was subsequently performed to characterize the genetic architecture of petal number and flower diameter.One major QTL(qpnum-3-1)was detected for petal number in three consecutive years,which explained 20.18–22.11%of the variation in petal number.Four QTLs were detected for flower diameter;the main locus,qfdia-2-2,was identified in two consecutive years.Our results will benefit the molecular marker-assisted breeding of modern rose cultivars.In addition,this study provides a guide for the genetic and QTL analysis of autotetraploid plants using sequencing-based genotyping methods.
文摘中药与天然药物在2015~2020年取得多项突破性进展,屠呦呦青蒿素研究获得诺贝尔奖促使国内外掀起研究中药与天然药物的热潮,“甘露寡糖二酸”、“桑枝总生物碱片”等原创药物获得新药证书;多项研究成果入选年度“中国十大医学进展”,在Nature、Science、New England Journal of Medicine、Lancet等国际顶级期刊发表了高水平的研究论文,本文梳理总结了这五年期间国内外科学家在国际著名期刊发表中药与天然药物相关的亮点学术成果,并对其在化学、药物资源、药理、制剂、新药开发等相关领域取得的重要进展进行了评述,以期追踪和报道中药与天然药物领域发展的前沿和热点,并通过对其分析得出学科发展的启示和展望。
文摘LBD(lateral organ boundaries)转录因子在植物生长发育和次生代谢调控中起着重要作用。为了发掘大麻LBD基因的功能,该研究在基因组和转录组水平上利用生物信息学手段,对大麻LBD基因家族进行系统鉴定,并对其表达模式进行分析。结果表明,大麻LBD基因家族含有32个成员,可分成2大类,7亚族,ClassⅠ分为5个亚族分别是ClassⅠ_a至ClassⅠ_e,ClassⅡ分为2个亚族分别是ClassⅡ_a和ClassⅡ_b;理化性质分析显示,大麻LBD基因家族编码的氨基酸数目为172~356,等电点为4.92~9.43,相对分子质量为18 862.92~40 081.33,大部分成员定位于细胞核中;染色体定位显示32个成员不均一地分布在大麻的10条染色体上;LBD转录因子结构域、基因结构和Motifs相对保守,不同类成员特征相近;基因上游启动子区含有多种植物激素及环境因子相关的顺式作用元件,表明LBD基因的表达可能会受到激素和外界环境因素的诱导;大麻LBD基因在ZYS品种(低四氢大麻酚,高二氢大麻酚)茎、叶、花的表达模式不同,LBD基因家族成员主要在ZYS品种的花和茎中表达,而在叶中表达的成员很少;ClassⅡ成员CsLBD21和CsLBD23在花和茎中表达,CsLBD8和CsLBD18在花、茎和叶中均有表达,这些基因可能参与大麻的生长发育发育进而影响大麻素的生物合成。该研究为后续大麻LBD基因家族的功能研究奠定了基础。
