基于无人机集群智能攻防对抗构想,建立了无人机集群智能攻防对抗仿真环境。针对传统强化学习算法中难以通过奖励信号精准控制对抗过程中无人机的速度和攻击角度等问题,提出一种规则与智能耦合约束训练的多智能体深度确定性策略梯度(rule...基于无人机集群智能攻防对抗构想,建立了无人机集群智能攻防对抗仿真环境。针对传统强化学习算法中难以通过奖励信号精准控制对抗过程中无人机的速度和攻击角度等问题,提出一种规则与智能耦合约束训练的多智能体深度确定性策略梯度(rule and intelligence coupling constrained multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient,RIC-MADDPG)算法,该算法采用规则对强化学习中无人机的动作进行约束。实验结果显示,基于RIC-MADDPG方法训练的无人机集群对抗模型能使得红方无人机集群在对抗中的胜率从53%提高至79%,表明采用“智能体训练—发现问题—编写规则—再次智能体训练—再次发现问题—再次编写规则”的方式对优化智能体对抗策略是有效的。研究结果对建立无人机集群智能攻防策略训练体系、开展规则与智能相耦合的集群战法研究具有一定参考意义。展开更多
目前海上风机基础结构存在明显的设计冗余,导致海上风机建造成本过高。为提高经济效益,需要对导管架式海上风机基础结构进行优化设计。该文首先基于海上实测数据对海上风机所处环境载荷进行模拟,得到其时间历程;其次通过有限元方法对平...目前海上风机基础结构存在明显的设计冗余,导致海上风机建造成本过高。为提高经济效益,需要对导管架式海上风机基础结构进行优化设计。该文首先基于海上实测数据对海上风机所处环境载荷进行模拟,得到其时间历程;其次通过有限元方法对平箱梁四桩导管架式海上风机基础结构进行强度校核,发现结构可进行轻量化处理;最后以结构最大平均应力、最大位移和质量为目标响应,通过试验设计(design of experiments,DOE)方法和粒子群算法组合的优化方法,得到结构尺寸对结构目标响应的贡献度和主效应关系,并确定各结构最优尺寸。对海上风机基础结构进行优化设计,能在保证安全的前提下降低建造成本,可为后续海上风机基础结构设计建造提供参数参考。展开更多
Traditional low power-microwave plasma torch（MPT） excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry was shown to be good for the introduction of dry aerosols, but poor for wet sample aerosols. In this work, some sig...Traditional low power-microwave plasma torch（MPT） excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry was shown to be good for the introduction of dry aerosols, but poor for wet sample aerosols. In this work, some significant modifications have been made to traditional MPT. A new MPT excitation source working at kilowatt microwave power has been developed. The kilowatt MPT source can sustain stable plasmas with double or even more filaments, presenting a ＂bell＂ form, where the region around the converging point is the optimum region for analysis. The tolerance to aqueous aerosol of the torch is enhanced significantly compared to the traditional one. Therefore, the desolvation system that the low power MPT source has to be relied on can be gotten rid of. A set of favorable detection results have been obtained with direct wet sample aerosol introduction. The kilowatt MPT source is expected to become a practical excitation source for atomic emission spectrometry that will be widely used.展开更多
文摘基于无人机集群智能攻防对抗构想,建立了无人机集群智能攻防对抗仿真环境。针对传统强化学习算法中难以通过奖励信号精准控制对抗过程中无人机的速度和攻击角度等问题,提出一种规则与智能耦合约束训练的多智能体深度确定性策略梯度(rule and intelligence coupling constrained multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient,RIC-MADDPG)算法,该算法采用规则对强化学习中无人机的动作进行约束。实验结果显示,基于RIC-MADDPG方法训练的无人机集群对抗模型能使得红方无人机集群在对抗中的胜率从53%提高至79%,表明采用“智能体训练—发现问题—编写规则—再次智能体训练—再次发现问题—再次编写规则”的方式对优化智能体对抗策略是有效的。研究结果对建立无人机集群智能攻防策略训练体系、开展规则与智能相耦合的集群战法研究具有一定参考意义。
文摘目前海上风机基础结构存在明显的设计冗余,导致海上风机建造成本过高。为提高经济效益,需要对导管架式海上风机基础结构进行优化设计。该文首先基于海上实测数据对海上风机所处环境载荷进行模拟,得到其时间历程;其次通过有限元方法对平箱梁四桩导管架式海上风机基础结构进行强度校核,发现结构可进行轻量化处理;最后以结构最大平均应力、最大位移和质量为目标响应,通过试验设计(design of experiments,DOE)方法和粒子群算法组合的优化方法,得到结构尺寸对结构目标响应的贡献度和主效应关系,并确定各结构最优尺寸。对海上风机基础结构进行优化设计,能在保证安全的前提下降低建造成本,可为后续海上风机基础结构设计建造提供参数参考。
文摘Traditional low power-microwave plasma torch（MPT） excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry was shown to be good for the introduction of dry aerosols, but poor for wet sample aerosols. In this work, some significant modifications have been made to traditional MPT. A new MPT excitation source working at kilowatt microwave power has been developed. The kilowatt MPT source can sustain stable plasmas with double or even more filaments, presenting a ＂bell＂ form, where the region around the converging point is the optimum region for analysis. The tolerance to aqueous aerosol of the torch is enhanced significantly compared to the traditional one. Therefore, the desolvation system that the low power MPT source has to be relied on can be gotten rid of. A set of favorable detection results have been obtained with direct wet sample aerosol introduction. The kilowatt MPT source is expected to become a practical excitation source for atomic emission spectrometry that will be widely used.
