近年来,国外学术界在北极旅游研究领域取得了一系列重要进展。本文采用文献计量法和系统性文献综述法,通过系统展现国外相关研究的发文量、关键词、期刊、作者及其机构、被引频次等数量变化和网络关系,提炼出“北极旅游行为模式研究构...近年来,国外学术界在北极旅游研究领域取得了一系列重要进展。本文采用文献计量法和系统性文献综述法,通过系统展现国外相关研究的发文量、关键词、期刊、作者及其机构、被引频次等数量变化和网络关系,提炼出“北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容”等6个主要的研究内容,评价了北极旅游研究的不足并提出了未来的研究启示。研究表明,(1)近年来国外关于北极旅游发文量及被引频次较多的期刊包括Arctic,Polar Geography,Annals of Tourism Research等,主要关键词包括北极、旅游、气候变化等,主要作者包括Stewart E J,Dawson J,Grimwood B S R等,主要研究机构包括加拿大渥太华大学、芬兰奥卢大学、挪威北极大学等。(2)北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容;气候变化背景下的北极旅游积极影响与消极影响辩证共存;旅游管理是北极旅游可持续发展的重要支柱;北极旅游发展政策措施的核心目标是确保北极旅游的可持续性;体验稀缺与独特是北极旅游显著而不可或缺的环节;旅游活动影响下的北极社区面临着经济-社会、政治、环境和文化系统等多重变化;北极旅游研究可能存在如何划定北极地区的边界,如何在统计监测中考虑北极地区的动态性,可能违背伦理道德和可持续发展要求等挑战,创造和扩展北极旅游知识生产的研究团队规模相对较小,相关理论基础研究相对薄弱。展开更多
Over the past two decades, numerous ports located in China have participated in port integration strategies, thus influencing the entire port system. The current research is initiated in order to examine the nature of...Over the past two decades, numerous ports located in China have participated in port integration strategies, thus influencing the entire port system. The current research is initiated in order to examine the nature of port integration in China, including associated temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics. Results indicate that port integration in China has been characterized by a significant increase at the turn of the 21 st century, comprising thirteen distinguishable pathways typified by differing dynamics, particularly between the northern and southern ports. Pathways were found to include 44 seaports and river ports, chiefly concentrated in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze(Changjiang) River Delta, Beibu Gulf and the southeastern Fujian, thus representing significant spatial regions. Categorically larger seaports have become the primary beneficiaries of port integration. Integration cases were divided into four categories based upon quantified dynamic magnitude including the government-driven mode, market-driven mode, government/market-driven mode and strategic alliance, and into five further categories based upon spatial extent including port internal integration, jurisdictional port integration, port integration across neighbor region, regional port integration and hub-feeder port integration. Results suggest that several factors have effectively driven port integration in China, including legislative tools and spatial planning, optimization of shoreline resources and port functionality, and port competition with the same hinterland.展开更多
Scientific development is an invaluable asset to a country.Policies and development modes should be carried out based on scientific findings not only in industry,but also in transportation infrastructure construction....Scientific development is an invaluable asset to a country.Policies and development modes should be carried out based on scientific findings not only in industry,but also in transportation infrastructure construction.Building an integrated transportation system,which is in line with the national requirements of China and supports sustainable socio-economic development,is a key strategic issue related to building a moderately prosperous society and achieving realistic goals of a medium-level developed country.Based on a systematic review of the advances in China's transportation infrastructure over the last 60 years,this paper explores the main drivers of transportation development,including national policy,transportation structure,investment efficiency,and technological innovation.Analysis shows that China's comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction since 1949 can be divided into five stages initiated by these drivers,which correspond to four transition modes:policy transition,structural transition,efficiency transition,and technology transition.The transition path of China's transportation development shows that the dominant factors have changed,and the interval for each transition has shortened.With the implementation of the '12th Five-Year Plan',China's transportation infrastructure construction is showing some new characteristics and facing a new development transition.Finally,this paper analyzes the trends in transportation development in China and concludes that technological innovation will be the main driving force to increase the transportation supply and service area in the future.展开更多
The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth hav...The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth have been taking place in the South and East Asia in recent years,particularly in China,only a few studies have fo-cused on this region.The Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) has a typical port system with hub and peripheral ports,and provides an excellent case for studying the Peripheral Challenge.This paper introduces the theoretical evidence of the Hayuth model and analyzes the evolution of the container port system in the PRD with five phases:1) phase I:preconditions for change and phase II:initial container port development in the 1970s and early 1980s;2) phase III:diffusion,consolidation,and port concentration in the middle and late 1980s;3) phase IV:the load center in the 1990s;and(4) phase V:the Peripheral Challenge since the late 1990s.The results illustrate that the Shenzhen port presents mounting challenges to the Hong Kong port,descending from a transshipment hub of China to a regional load center of Southeast China.Furthermore,this paper explores five points that have led to the evolution of the port system in the PRD:1) competition in the regional port systems;2) different interested parties;3) shift of investment strategies of in-ternational terminal operators;4) integration of shipping networks and reorganization of carriers;and 5) cost-based competition.展开更多
文摘近年来,国外学术界在北极旅游研究领域取得了一系列重要进展。本文采用文献计量法和系统性文献综述法,通过系统展现国外相关研究的发文量、关键词、期刊、作者及其机构、被引频次等数量变化和网络关系,提炼出“北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容”等6个主要的研究内容,评价了北极旅游研究的不足并提出了未来的研究启示。研究表明,(1)近年来国外关于北极旅游发文量及被引频次较多的期刊包括Arctic,Polar Geography,Annals of Tourism Research等,主要关键词包括北极、旅游、气候变化等,主要作者包括Stewart E J,Dawson J,Grimwood B S R等,主要研究机构包括加拿大渥太华大学、芬兰奥卢大学、挪威北极大学等。(2)北极旅游行为模式研究构成北极旅游研究的重要内容;气候变化背景下的北极旅游积极影响与消极影响辩证共存;旅游管理是北极旅游可持续发展的重要支柱;北极旅游发展政策措施的核心目标是确保北极旅游的可持续性;体验稀缺与独特是北极旅游显著而不可或缺的环节;旅游活动影响下的北极社区面临着经济-社会、政治、环境和文化系统等多重变化;北极旅游研究可能存在如何划定北极地区的边界,如何在统计监测中考虑北极地区的动态性,可能违背伦理道德和可持续发展要求等挑战,创造和扩展北极旅游知识生产的研究团队规模相对较小,相关理论基础研究相对薄弱。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171108)Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-06-02)Exploratory Forefront Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR,CAS(No.2012QY004)
文摘Over the past two decades, numerous ports located in China have participated in port integration strategies, thus influencing the entire port system. The current research is initiated in order to examine the nature of port integration in China, including associated temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics. Results indicate that port integration in China has been characterized by a significant increase at the turn of the 21 st century, comprising thirteen distinguishable pathways typified by differing dynamics, particularly between the northern and southern ports. Pathways were found to include 44 seaports and river ports, chiefly concentrated in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze(Changjiang) River Delta, Beibu Gulf and the southeastern Fujian, thus representing significant spatial regions. Categorically larger seaports have become the primary beneficiaries of port integration. Integration cases were divided into four categories based upon quantified dynamic magnitude including the government-driven mode, market-driven mode, government/market-driven mode and strategic alliance, and into five further categories based upon spatial extent including port internal integration, jurisdictional port integration, port integration across neighbor region, regional port integration and hub-feeder port integration. Results suggest that several factors have effectively driven port integration in China, including legislative tools and spatial planning, optimization of shoreline resources and port functionality, and port competition with the same hinterland.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41171107,41001082)Programme of Bingwei Excellent Young Scientists of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Scientific development is an invaluable asset to a country.Policies and development modes should be carried out based on scientific findings not only in industry,but also in transportation infrastructure construction.Building an integrated transportation system,which is in line with the national requirements of China and supports sustainable socio-economic development,is a key strategic issue related to building a moderately prosperous society and achieving realistic goals of a medium-level developed country.Based on a systematic review of the advances in China's transportation infrastructure over the last 60 years,this paper explores the main drivers of transportation development,including national policy,transportation structure,investment efficiency,and technological innovation.Analysis shows that China's comprehensive transportation infrastructure construction since 1949 can be divided into five stages initiated by these drivers,which correspond to four transition modes:policy transition,structural transition,efficiency transition,and technology transition.The transition path of China's transportation development shows that the dominant factors have changed,and the interval for each transition has shortened.With the implementation of the '12th Five-Year Plan',China's transportation infrastructure construction is showing some new characteristics and facing a new development transition.Finally,this paper analyzes the trends in transportation development in China and concludes that technological innovation will be the main driving force to increase the transportation supply and service area in the future.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41171108)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4-1)Project of National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (No.2008BAH31B05)
文摘The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth have been taking place in the South and East Asia in recent years,particularly in China,only a few studies have fo-cused on this region.The Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) has a typical port system with hub and peripheral ports,and provides an excellent case for studying the Peripheral Challenge.This paper introduces the theoretical evidence of the Hayuth model and analyzes the evolution of the container port system in the PRD with five phases:1) phase I:preconditions for change and phase II:initial container port development in the 1970s and early 1980s;2) phase III:diffusion,consolidation,and port concentration in the middle and late 1980s;3) phase IV:the load center in the 1990s;and(4) phase V:the Peripheral Challenge since the late 1990s.The results illustrate that the Shenzhen port presents mounting challenges to the Hong Kong port,descending from a transshipment hub of China to a regional load center of Southeast China.Furthermore,this paper explores five points that have led to the evolution of the port system in the PRD:1) competition in the regional port systems;2) different interested parties;3) shift of investment strategies of in-ternational terminal operators;4) integration of shipping networks and reorganization of carriers;and 5) cost-based competition.
