微生物矿化对塔基弃土的固结作用及抗降雨侵蚀效果

输变电线路工程建设过程会产生大量弃土,因土体松散受降雨作用极易饱和形成渗流,从而诱发滑坡和水土流失。本研究在输变电工程水土保持仿真模拟试验平台,通过喷洒方式向塔基弃土添加微生物矿化菌液和胶结液,分析测定土壤试样的干密度、孔隙度、渗透性、液限、塑限、压缩性、抗剪切强度等土力学指标,用射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)表征矿化试样的晶体类型和微观形貌,最终将技术工艺在输电线路工程现场进行示范应用。结果表明,喷洒微生物矿化菌液和胶结液,可在塔基弃土孔隙中形成方解石型碳酸钙晶体,使塔基弃土更加密实,增大干密度,降低孔隙度和渗透系数,且液限增高5%,塑限降低5%,赋予土壤更好的可塑性,内摩擦角从29.97°提高到了32.62°,提高土壤的抗剪强度,对塔基弃土浅层具有很好的固结作用,可显著降低受不同等级强度降雨侵蚀的产沙量,从而减少因降雨侵蚀造成的水土流失,现场示范也进一步证明了抗降雨侵蚀效果,微生物矿化技术可非常明显地减少流失斑。因此,微生物矿化技术可作为输变电线路工程建设的一项绿色、环保、简便、高效的水土保持措施。

赤泥固废土壤化修复研究进展

赤泥产量大、碱性强、综合利用难度大,赤泥处置问题严重限制了氧化铝行业的可持续发展。为减少环境污染和提高资源利用率,赤泥的综合利用得到广泛研究,但是赤泥的无害化处置仍然是亟待解决的问题。土壤化是实现赤泥大宗消纳的一种可行性方法,在综合赤泥土壤化研究现状的基础上,分析了赤泥土壤化处置过程中堆场演化、碱性调控、土壤化调控、植物修复等研究方向存在的问题,并对赤泥土壤化研究方向提出了建议,为赤泥生态修复和无害化处置提供理论和技术指导。

An effective approach for improving flotation recovery of molybdenite fines from a finely-disseminated molybdenum ore

An effective flotation approach is proposed for improving the recovery of molybdenite fines from a finely-disseminated molybdenum ore. To maximize the flotation recovery of molybdenum, process mineralogy of raw ore, contrast tests, optimization of operation conditions and particle size analysis were systematically investigated. Process mineralogy suggests that in the raw ore, 61.63% of molybdenite particles distribute in the 〈20 pm size fraction, and intergrow with muscovite and pyrite as the contained and disseminated type. Contrast tests indicate that conventional flotation responds to poor collection efficiency for particles less than 25 pm. Oil agglomerate flotation （OAF） process demonstrates an obvious superiority in improving the flotation recovery of molybdenite fines. Furthermore, the flotation results of OAF process reveal that the dosage of transformer oil plays a critical role on the average size of collected mineral particles （d（0）, agglomerates （d^0） and the molybdenum recovery. In addition, industrial tests illustrate that compared with the Mo-S bulk flotation approach, OAF process not only increases Mo recovery and grade of molybdenum concentrate by 22.75% and 17.47% respectively, but also achieves a sulfur concentrate with a superior grade of 38.92%.

Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite for improving heterogeneous Fenton degradation of tetracycline

Natural minerals receive growing attention as inexpensive, green, and efficient catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite was conducted for improving the catalytic performance.Tetracycline degradation was evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and mechanically activated chalcopyrite.Tetracycline degradation at 100 min is 55.52%(Chp10), 68.97%(Chp30), 77.79%(Chp60), and 86.43%(Chp120),respectively, and the rate constant of pseudo-first-order kinetics is 0.0079, 0.0109, 0.0137 and 0.0192 min^(-1), respectively.Chalcopyrite samples were examined by multiple characterizations. Mechanical activation of natural chalcopyrite induces the decline of particle size and slight increase of surface area, smaller grain size, lattice strain, and partial sulfur oxidation. The relationship between catalytic activity and property change manifests that the improved catalytic ability is mainly ascribed to the increase of surface area and surface oxidation induced by mechanical activation. This work provides novel insights into the improvement of catalytic performance of natural minerals by mechanical activation.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Mercury Tolerance in Rice Seedlings

Mercury （Hg） is one of the most toxic heavy metals to living organisms and its conspicuous effect is the inhibition of root growth. However, little is known about the molecular genetic basis for root growth under excess Hg2＋ stress. To map quantitative trait loci （QTLs） in rice for Hg2＋ tolerance, a population of 120 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two japonica cultivars Yuefu and IRAT109 was grown in 0.5 mmol/L CaCI2 solution. Relative root length （RRL）, percentage of the seminal root length in ＋HgCI2 to -HgCI2, was used for assessing Hg2＋ tolerance. In a dose-response experiment, Yuefu had a higher RRL than IRAT109 and showed the most significant difference at the Hg2＋ concentration of 1.5 tJmol/L. Three putative QTLs for RRL were detected on chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, and totally explained about 35.7% of the phenotypic variance in Hg2＋ tolerance. The identified QTLs for RRL might be useful for improving Hg2＋ tolerance of rice by molecular marker-assisted selection.

塑料浮选中的亲水化调控与表面重构研究进展

废旧塑料循环过程中最大的桎梏是如何分离不同种类的塑料。而基于表面亲/疏水性调控的塑料浮选因为步骤简单、环境友好、选择性强等优点,在塑料浮选有着良好的应用前景。从分子和基团层面出发,梳理了废旧塑料表面亲水化反应类型和特点。参照高级氧化和高聚物降解,对反应机理进行了总结和推测。同时综述比较发现,不稳定的塑料浮选工艺是源于亲水链段的迁移和翻转。构建系统性的机理研究基础,贯彻“塑料基因浮选”理念,降低亲水化的工艺要求,是推进塑料浮选分离发展,提升“城市矿山”中废旧塑料资源价值的关键所在。

12号矿用工字钢万能轧法孔型设计与实践

介绍了采用万能轧法生产12号矿用工字钢的孔型设计与方法及实践生产。