研究裸斑对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的影响,对准确评估多年冻土区小流域和区域尺度碳交换具有重要意义。本文以青藏高原风火山高寒草甸中裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块为研究对象,通过对比不同地形条件下(不同坡向和海...研究裸斑对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的影响,对准确评估多年冻土区小流域和区域尺度碳交换具有重要意义。本文以青藏高原风火山高寒草甸中裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块为研究对象,通过对比不同地形条件下(不同坡向和海拔)二者生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的差异来研究裸斑对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的影响。结果表明:(1)裸斑显著减少了高寒草甸的生态系统呼吸,裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块生长季生态系统呼吸的平均速率分别为2.26和6.17 g CO2 m-2 d-1,这主要是二者微生物量碳和蔗糖酶活性差异造成的;(2)裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块在生长季内均表现为甲烷的汇,二者生长季甲烷吸收的平均速率分别为25.4和6.61μg CH4 m-2 h-1;在坡中和坡顶,裸斑的甲烷吸收速率显著大于高植被覆盖斑块,而在坡底,二者的甲烷吸收速率相近;土壤湿度是调控高寒草甸甲烷吸收空间变异的主要因素。研究结果深化了裸斑对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸碳交换影响的认识,可为小流域以及区域尺度碳交换的准确评估提供科学依据。展开更多
In this study,effects of elevated air temperatures on thermal and hydrologic process of the shallow soil in the active layer were investigated. Open-top chambers(OTCs)were utilized to increase air temperatures 1-2℃ i...In this study,effects of elevated air temperatures on thermal and hydrologic process of the shallow soil in the active layer were investigated. Open-top chambers(OTCs)were utilized to increase air temperatures 1-2℃ in OTC-1 and 3-5℃ in OTC-2 in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau.Results show that the annual air temperatures under OTC-1 and OTC-2 were 1.21℃ and 3.62℃ higher than the Control,respectively.The entirely-frozen period of shallow soil in the active layer was shortened and the fully thawed period was prolonged with temperature increase.The maximum penetration depth and duration of the negative isotherm during the entirely-frozen period decreased, and soil freezing was retarded in the local scope of the soil profile when temperature increased.Meanwhile, the positive isotherm during the fully-thawed period increased,and the soil thawing was accelerated.Soil moisture under different manipulations decreased with the temperature increase at the same depth. During the early freezing period and the early fully- thawed period,the maximum soil moisture under the Control manipulation was at 0.2 m deep,whereas under OTC-1 and OTC-2 manipulations,the maximum soil moisture were at 0.4-0.5 m deep. These results indicate that elevated temperatures led to a decrease of the moisture in the surface soil.The coupled relationship between soil temperature and moisture was significantly affected by the temperature increase.During the freezing and thawing processes, the soil temperature and moisture under different manipulations fit the regression model given by the equationθV=a/{1+exp[b(TS+c)]}+d.展开更多
Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the...Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years （1969-1985） and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years （1986-2000）, and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.展开更多
文摘研究裸斑对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的影响,对准确评估多年冻土区小流域和区域尺度碳交换具有重要意义。本文以青藏高原风火山高寒草甸中裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块为研究对象,通过对比不同地形条件下(不同坡向和海拔)二者生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的差异来研究裸斑对高寒草甸生态系统呼吸和甲烷通量的影响。结果表明:(1)裸斑显著减少了高寒草甸的生态系统呼吸,裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块生长季生态系统呼吸的平均速率分别为2.26和6.17 g CO2 m-2 d-1,这主要是二者微生物量碳和蔗糖酶活性差异造成的;(2)裸斑和高植被覆盖斑块在生长季内均表现为甲烷的汇,二者生长季甲烷吸收的平均速率分别为25.4和6.61μg CH4 m-2 h-1;在坡中和坡顶,裸斑的甲烷吸收速率显著大于高植被覆盖斑块,而在坡底,二者的甲烷吸收速率相近;土壤湿度是调控高寒草甸甲烷吸收空间变异的主要因素。研究结果深化了裸斑对青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸碳交换影响的认识,可为小流域以及区域尺度碳交换的准确评估提供科学依据。
基金founded by The National Science Foundation of China(No.40730634 andNo.40925002)
文摘In this study,effects of elevated air temperatures on thermal and hydrologic process of the shallow soil in the active layer were investigated. Open-top chambers(OTCs)were utilized to increase air temperatures 1-2℃ in OTC-1 and 3-5℃ in OTC-2 in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau.Results show that the annual air temperatures under OTC-1 and OTC-2 were 1.21℃ and 3.62℃ higher than the Control,respectively.The entirely-frozen period of shallow soil in the active layer was shortened and the fully thawed period was prolonged with temperature increase.The maximum penetration depth and duration of the negative isotherm during the entirely-frozen period decreased, and soil freezing was retarded in the local scope of the soil profile when temperature increased.Meanwhile, the positive isotherm during the fully-thawed period increased,and the soil thawing was accelerated.Soil moisture under different manipulations decreased with the temperature increase at the same depth. During the early freezing period and the early fully- thawed period,the maximum soil moisture under the Control manipulation was at 0.2 m deep,whereas under OTC-1 and OTC-2 manipulations,the maximum soil moisture were at 0.4-0.5 m deep. These results indicate that elevated temperatures led to a decrease of the moisture in the surface soil.The coupled relationship between soil temperature and moisture was significantly affected by the temperature increase.During the freezing and thawing processes, the soil temperature and moisture under different manipulations fit the regression model given by the equationθV=a/{1+exp[b(TS+c)]}+d.
基金NationalNaturalScience Foundation of China,No.40171002China-Japan Cooperation Project "Estim ation ofoasisadaptability to waterresourceunderchanging environment"
文摘Land use and land cover changes have a great impact on the regional hydrological process. Based on three periods of remote sensing data from the 1960s and the long-term observed data of groundwater from the 1980s, the impacts of land use changes on the groundwater system in the middle reach of Heihe River Basin in recent three decades are analyzed by the perspective of groundwater recharge and discharge system. The results indicate that with the different intensities of land use changes, the impacts on the groundwater recharge were 2.602 × 10^8 m^3/a in the former 15 years （1969-1985） and 0.218 × 10^8 m^3/a in the latter 15 years （1986-2000）, and the impacts on the groundwater discharge were 2.035 × 10^8 m^3/a and 4.91 × 10^8 m^3/a respectively. When the groundwater exploitation was in a reasonable range less than 3.0 × 10^8 m^3/a, the land use changes could control the changes of regional groundwater resources. Influenced by the land use changes and the large-scale exploitation in the recent decade, the groundwater resources present apparently regional differences in Zhangye region. Realizing the impact of land use changes on groundwater system and the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of regional groundwater resources would be very important for reasonably utilizing and managing water and soil resources.
