慕士塔格山卡尔塔马克冰川补给径流与非冰川补给径流水化学特征及主控因素研究

2016年7～8月对慕士塔格山卡尔塔马克冰川补给径流与非冰川补给径流进行了采样分析,通过统计分析、主成分分析、Piper图、Gibbs图、正演模型等方法分析了冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流的水化学特征及其主控因素。结果表明:冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流两种水体均呈碱性,水化学类型皆为Ca^(2+)-SO_4^(2-)-HCO_3^-,但冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流的pH值、EC和TDS均存在显著差异(p <0. 05),主要离子浓度间均存在极显著差异(p <0. 01)。冰川补给径流中所有离子具有同源性,而非冰川补给径流NO_3^-显示出与其它离子来源不同。正演模型结果显示,大气输入、硅酸盐风化、碳酸盐风化和蒸发岩溶解对冰川补给径流和非冰川补给径流中离子浓度的贡献率分别为10. 47%、0. 55%、65. 61%、23. 37%和1. 52%、19. 57%、60. 37%、18. 54%。在冰川补给径流中,碳酸盐风化对径流中离子浓度的贡献占主导地位,蒸发岩溶解占次要地位;在非冰川补给径流中,碳酸盐风化亦占主要支配地位,而硅酸盐风化占次要地位。两者差异的原因是硅酸盐风化相比蒸发岩溶解更难进行,冰川补给径流中水岩相互作用时间较短,故硅酸盐风化贡献率较低;而非冰川补给径流经过更充分的水岩相互作用,故硅酸盐风化贡献率较高。其成果可为西部地区水资源管理应用提供参考。

市售鲜肉中奇异变形杆菌的ERIC-PCR分型与耐药性分析

目的:研究中山市市售生鲜肉中分离的奇异变形杆菌的同源性和耐药性,分析其基因型与耐药表型之间的关系。方法:采用肠杆菌基因间重复序列(Entrobacter repetive intergenic consensus,ERIC)-PCR分型方法对71株奇异变形杆菌进行分型,所得分型指纹图谱使用Quantity One软件进行处理分析。耐药性检测采用K-B纸片扩散法,参照CLSI制定的标准判读药敏结果。结果:71株奇异变形杆菌的相似性系数为0.64～1.00,以75%为界可分为9个簇。测试的18种抗生素中,对链霉素和红霉素的耐药率最高,均为100%;对青霉素和头孢曲松耐药率最低,分别为16.90%、11.27%。所有菌株均为多重耐药菌,且至少耐6种药物。结论:市售生鲜肉中分离的71株奇异变形杆菌相似性高,耐药情况严重,其基因型与耐药表型之间没有明显的相关性。

Hydrochemical characterization and irrigation suitability of the Ganges Brahmaputra River System:review and assessment

The hydrochemical characterization and irrigation suitability assessment of the GangesBrahmaputra River System(GBRS)has immense importance for the livelihoods of people and ecosystem sustainability in the region.This study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evaluate the irrigation suitability of water in the GBRS by reviewing published literature of the major tributaries.The studied rivers were categorized into two groups namely Group-1 and Group-2 considering the similarities of climatic patterns,hydrochemical attributes,and drainage characteristics.The hydrochemistry of the river water was characterized by the Piper diagram,Gibbs plot,mixing plots,and ionic ratios.Furthermore,irrigation water qualities were evaluated by electrical conductivity(EC),sodium percentage(Na%),sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),magnesium hazard(MH),and Wilcox diagram.The results indicated that the hydrochemistry of the GBRS was slightly alkaline to alkaline(7.42-8.78)in nature.The average concentrations of most of the chemical attributes showed higher in Group-1,whereas the average concentrations of K^(+) and NO_(3)^(-) were found higher in Group-2.The average concentration of the major ions followed the dominancy order Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>Na^(+)>K^(+) for cations and HCO_(3)^(-)>SO_(4)^(2-)>Cl^(-)>NO_(3)^(-) for anions in both groups.Gibbs plot and mixing plot indicated that carbonate rock weathering dominates the hydrochemical process,which was further confirmed by the Piper diagram and the ionic ratios.From the analyses of irrigational water quality,almost all the rivers(except Gomti River in terms of MH and Rangit River in terms of Na%)in the GBRS were found to be suitable based on EC,SAR,Na%,MH,and Wilcox diagram.Finally,the majority of river systems in the GBRS were characterized by carbonate dominated lithology and irrigational water quality is mostly suitable for utilization.This study could be useful for water quality management in the glacial-fed Himalayan river under the context of global climate change.