不同时点急性肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型的构建与评价

目的:通过构建大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)模型,评价不同时点急性肾IRI大鼠的肾损伤程度。方法:将30只SPF级SD大鼠随机分成6组,每组5只,适应性饲养1周后,以2%戊巴比妥钠(30 mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉,以背侧入径夹闭双侧肾蒂的方式构建急性肾IRI模型,不同的分组按照不同的缺血时间(0、5、15、30、45和60 min)进行处理,再灌注24 h后,腹主动脉采血2 mL用于检测肾功能(血尿素氮、血清肌酐和胱抑素C),取出肾脏,观察肾脏组织病理形态学、肾小管上皮细胞超微结构及细胞凋亡水平变化。结果:随着肾缺血时间延长,急性肾IRI模型大鼠肾功能进行性减退(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤愈加严重(P<0.05),肾小管上皮细胞超微结构凋亡指数和细胞凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),而大鼠肾缺血60 min再灌注的肾损伤程度最严重。结论:大鼠肾脏控制缺血时间45 min再灌注时间24 h时构建的急性肾IRI模型较为合适。

羟氯喹减轻肾缺血/再灌注损伤的机制研究

肾缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)是引起急性肾损伤(acute kidneyinjury,AKI)、急性肾小管坏死(acute tubular necrosis,ATN)和急性排斥反应(acute rejection,AR)等严重肾脏疾病的重要原因,已成为影响移植受者/肾长期存活的主要障碍[1]。肾IRI的防治是肾移植研究的焦点和热点,但是目前治疗方法对肾IRI的保护并不理想。氯喹(chloroquine,CQ)及其衍生物羟氯喹(hydroxychloroquine,HCQ)于80余年前推出.

以自我表露为中心的团体心理疗法对肾移植患者心理痛苦病耻感及创伤后成长的影响

目的探讨以自我表露为中心的团体心理疗法对肾移植患者心理痛苦、病耻感及创伤后成长的影响。方法将104例肾移植患者按随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,各52例。两组均给予对症治疗及常规护理,研究组在此基础上给予以自我表露为中心的团体心理疗法,观察1个月。比较两组并发症发生率,干预前及干预1个月末采用心理痛苦温度计评定两组心理痛苦情况,社会影响量表评定两组病耻感情况,创伤后成长量表评定两组创伤后成长情况,自测健康评定量表评定两组健康状况,比较两组护理满意度。结果研究组并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预1个月末两组心理痛苦程度及社会影响量表各维度评分均显著低于干预前(P<0.01),研究组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。干预1个月末两组创伤后成长量表、自测健康评定量表各维度评分均显著高于干预前(P<0.01),研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组护理总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论以自我表露为中心的团体心理疗法有助于降低肾移植术后并发症发生风险,缓解患者病耻感及心理痛苦,进一步提升创伤后成长水平,改善健康状况,提高护理满意度。

尿通卡克乃其片治疗血精性精囊炎的临床效果观察

目的观察维药尿通卡克乃其片治疗血精性精囊炎的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2017年6月河南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的58例血精性精囊炎患者,按随机数表法分为西药组和维药组,每组29例。西药组服用左氧氟沙星胶囊,维药组服用尿通卡克乃其片,连续服用4周。对比两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后精液红细胞计数、疼痛评分,观察两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,维药组患者总有效率达93. 10%(27/29),高于西药组的75. 86%(22/29),差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);两组患者精液红细胞计数及疼痛程度评分优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),治疗后维药组精液红细胞计数及疼痛程度评分优于西药组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);治疗期间,维药组出现轻度恶心1例,腹泻2例,西药组轻度恶心3例,腹泻2例,症状均很快消失,两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论维药尿通卡克乃其片治疗血精性精囊炎的临床效果显著,值得临床推广应用。

Transcriptome analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina under red and blue light

The quality of light is an important abiotic factor that affects the growth and development of photosynthetic organisms.In this study,we exposed the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina to red(660 nm)and blue(450 nm)light and analyzed the cell growth,total carotenoid content,and transcriptomes.The growth of D.salina was enhanced by illumination with red light,whereas blue light was not able to promote the algal growth.In contrast,the total carotenoid content increased under both red and blue light.The RNA of D.salina was sequenced and the transcriptomic response of algal cells to red and blue light was investigated.Six transcripts encoding for the blue light receptor cryptochrome were identified,and transcripts involved in the carotenoid metabolism were up-regulated under both red and blue light.Transcripts encoding for photoprotective enzymes related to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species were up-regulated under blue light.The present transcriptomic study provides a more comprehensive understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in D.salina under different wavelengths of light.

Cloning and sequence analysis of the partial sequence of the rbcL from Bryopsis hypnoides

The partial sequence of the rbcL from Bryopsis hypnoides, including the sequences of the upstream, extron and partial intron, was amplified by PCR and their sequences were determined. With Spinacia oleracea as the outgroup, neighbor-joining method and maximum parsimony method were used respectively to build phylogenetic trees according to the rbcL exon sequence among 13 species that were the typical species of six phyla. Two kinds of trees showed clearly that there were two groups among those species, the green lineage and the non-green lineage. And the relationships of algae in the green lineage were similar in the two trees but those in the non-green lineage were not consistent. Analysis of codon preference indicated that the codon preference of the rbcL exon of Bryopsis hypnoides distinctly differed from that of the relevant sequence of photosynthetic bacteria.

经皮肾镜取石术致胸腔积液的病例特点

目的总结经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)致胸腔积液的病例特点。方法回顾分析河南中医药大学第一附属医院泌尿外科2017年7月至2020年1月PCNL术致胸腔积液患者的临床资料,总结其诊断及治疗方法。结果241例接受PCNL术治疗的患者中,共7例(2.9%)出现胸腔积液,其中男3例,女4例,平均年龄48岁。7例患者均因铸型肾结石接受PCNL术治疗,其中3例为多通道取石,4例为单通道取石,采用第11肋下做穿刺点5例,第12肋下穿刺点2例。3例于术中出现气道压增高,查X线示胸腔积液;2例术后第1天呼吸困难,经皮动脉血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))下降,背部疼痛,胸部不适。5例均经胸片及B超检查证实为患侧胸腔积液,无并发气胸,均行胸腔闭式引流。2例术后无明显症状,术后胸部CT复查时发现患侧胸腔积液,未特殊处理。结论经皮肾镜手术后可能出现胸腔积液,术中及术后应密切观察呼吸系统体征,出现症状应行CT或X检查,必要时行胸腔闭式引流。

Development of taxonomic rRNA-targeted probes of two harmful algae: Prorocentrum minimum and Karenia mikimotoi by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Harmful algal blooms recently have been under the spotlight throughout the world, because of their nega- tive impact on the marine environment, aquaculture, fisheries as well as public health. The development of methods for rapid and precise identification and quantification of causative species is essential for the warning and monitoring of blooms, among which the techniques based on taxonomic probes are the most favored. In this study, two harmful algae, i.e., Prorocentrum minimum and Karenia mikimotoi were tak- en into consideration. The partial large subunit rDNA （D1-D2） of both species were firstly PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. The obtained sequences were then introduced to carry out alignment analysis for gene specific regions. Three respective candidate probes for each species were designed and used to screen the optimal probe by performing fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） tests. The results showed that the probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 displayed the best hybridization for P. minimum and K.. mikimotoi, respectively. Both the specific （taxonomic） （Pmin0443 and Kmik0602） and the control probes （UniC0512 and UniR0499） were used for cross-reactivity tests with other microalgae in our laboratory. The probes Pmin0443 and Kmik0602 are specific and could be served as taxonomic probes introduced into the tech- niques targeting rRNA, such as FISH, sandwich hybridization, and DNA-microarray assay of P minimum and K. mikimotoi in the future. Finally, FISH analyses with both probes were performed on the simulated field samples. The probes could hybridize exclusively with the target cells well, and no significant differ- ence （p 〉0.05） was observed in the cell densities of the samples determined by FISH and light microscopy （LM）. All suggest that the probes are specific and could be introduced into FISH for the monitoring of both harmful algae.

Changes of Cellular Superficial Configuration of Symbiotic Algae During Cultivation from Two Anemones Found in the South China Sea

Symbiotic algae from two anemones, Radianthus macrodactylus and Stichodactyla mertensii, found in the South China Sea, were cultivated in ASP-8A medium in this study. Changes of superficial configuration of symbiotic algae during the cultivation were studied by means of a microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A number of small cavities appeared on the sur- faces of symbiotic algae after they were cultivated for 10 h. The cavities enlarged and the cell contents were lost with extended culti- vation. Our data suggested that the presence of cavities on symbiotic algae surfaces may be one of the main reasons for failure to culture symbiotic algae in an artificial medium.

Variation in Rubisco and other photosynthetic parameters in the life cycle of Haematococcus pluvialis

Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis Flot. et Will were collected in four different growth phases. We quantified the initial and total enzyme activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) in crude extracts, and the relative expression of large-subunit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate caboxylase / oxygenase (rbcL) mRNA. We measured the ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiration rate (P/R), maximal effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light (ΦPSII), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Green vegetative cells were found to be in the most active state, with a relatively higher P/R ratio. These cells also displayed the lowest NPQ and the highest Fv/Fm, ETR, and ΦPSII, indicating the most effective PSII. However, both Rubisco activity and rbcL mRNA expression were the lowest measured. In orange resting cysts with relatively lower P/R and NPQ, Rubisco activity and rbcL expression reached a peak, while Fv/Fm, ETR, and ΦPSII were the lowest measured. Taking into account the methods of astaxanthin induction used in industry, we suggest that Rubisco may participate in astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. A continuous and sufficient supply of a carbon source such as CO2 may therefore aid the large scale production of astaxanthin.

Effects of the heavy metal cadmium on photosynthetic activity and the xanthophyll cycle in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

A bstract Cadmium(Cd) is one of the most common and widespread heavy metals in the environment. Cd has adverse effects on photosynthesis that are countered by photosystem I(PSI) and photosystem II(PSII); however, the protective responses of these photosystems to heavy metal stress remain unclear. Using the model diatom P haeodactylum tricornutum, a biological indicator that is widely used to assess the impact of environmental toxins, we simultaneously measured the effects of Cd on PSI and PSII and examined the levels of pigments in response to high light treatments before and after Cd exposure. Cd significantly reduced the quantum yield and electron transport rates of PSI and PSII. The quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PSI due to donor side limitation increased faster than the quantum yield due to acceptor side limitation. The Cd treatment activated the P. tricornutum xanthophyll cycle under artificial light conditions, as indicated by an increased diatoxanthin content. Xanthophyll is important for photoprotection; therefore, the accumulation of diatoxanthin may down-regulate PSII activities to reduce oxidative damage. Together, our results suggest that the rapid reduction in PSII activities following Cd exposure is an adaptive response to heavy metal stress that reflects the variable exposure to external stressors in the native P. tricornutum environment.

肾移植术后留置末端带线输尿管单J管的不良反应及防治策略

目的探讨肾移植术后留置末端带线输尿管单J管的不良反应及防治策略。方法回顾性分析河南中医药大学第一附属医院2007-12—2017-12间行同种异体肾移植术中留置末端带线输尿管单J管并顺利随访的869例患者,记录术后3个月内患者出现与留置末端带线输尿管单J管相关的不良反应或并发症,分析其发生原因及防治策略。结果入组患者均完成随访,肾移植术后3个月内出现的与末端带线输尿管单J管相关的不良反应167例(19.22%)。其中:膀胱刺激征63例(7.25%),尿道异物感46例(5.29%),肉眼血尿33例(3.80%),尿瘘1例(0.12%),尿路感染14例(1.61%),末端带线输尿管单J管移位72例(8.29%),表面结石形成1例(0.12%),输尿管梗阻13例(1.50%)。经相应处理后,仅1例尿瘘因移植肾功能衰竭行移植肾切除术,余患者均得到有效改善。结论临床需重视肾移植术后留置末端带线输尿管单J管的不良反应,积极预防、早期发现、规范治疗,以改善患者预后。

当归芍药散药理研究及临床应用进展

当归芍药散首载于张仲景《金匮要略》,为活血利水、调和肝脾的经典名方,具有抗炎、免疫调控、改善机体代谢、增强免疫功能等药理作用,现已广泛应用于痛经、慢性盆腔炎等妇科疾病以及肾脏疾病、肝脏疾病、皮肤病、阿尔茨海默病等疾病范畴,具有较为确切的临床疗效。但目前当归芍药散有效成分及其药理作用机制的相关研究较为匮乏,今后可加强对该方更为全面、详细的组分研究,进一步明确该方发挥疗效的作用机制,为当归芍药散的临床应用及开发临床新用提供重要的参考依据。

顺行输尿管软镜治疗输尿管中下段结石合并远端输尿管复杂病变

目的:探讨经皮肾通道顺行输尿管软镜治疗输尿管中下段结石合并远端输尿管狭窄、扭曲患者的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月~2018年11月在我院行输尿管硬镜碎石术(URL)的27例输尿管中下段结石的临床资料,术中发现输尿管狭窄及扭曲严重,输尿管镜难以上行至结石处,改行俯卧位建立F24皮肾镜通道后,顺行置入输尿管导引鞘及输尿管软镜,处理结石。结果:手术时间46~139 min,平均(67±15)min,26例采用顺行输尿管软镜将输尿管结石全部清除(残石颗粒冲入膀胱),术后1~3d拔除尿管,后自行排出,均未出现气胸、肠道损伤、严重出血及输尿管脱套等严重并发症。1例改行开放取石。结论:顺行输尿管软镜在URL治疗失败的输尿管中下段结石合并远端输尿管狭窄、扭曲的治疗中,具有安全、有效、并发症少等优点。

尿通卡克乃其片联合左氧氟沙星治疗女性下尿路感染临床观察

目的:观察尿通卡克乃其片联合左氧氟沙星对女性下尿路感染的临床疗效。方法:将选取的96例急性下尿路感染的女性患者按随机数字表法分为2组,每组48例。西药组接受左氧氟沙星胶囊治疗,联合组在西药组治疗方案的基础上加服尿通卡克乃其片治疗,疗程为1周。比较2组患者临床疗效、症状消除时间、尿白细胞和红细胞计数、药物不良反应及随访半年的复发率。结果:治疗后,总有效率联合组93.75%,西药组81.25%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);治疗后,联合组临床症状尿频、尿急,尿痛,肉眼血尿消失时间短于西药组,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05,P <0.01)。治疗后,2组尿中白细胞计数和红细胞计数分别与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05,P <0.01)。联合组尿中白细胞及红细胞计数分别与西药组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。随访半年,联合组的复发率低于西药组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),2组不良反应发生率经统计学处理,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论:尿通卡克乃其片联合左氧氟沙星治疗女性下尿路感染疗效显著,能明显改善患者的临床症状,降低复发率且不增加不良反应。

Study on the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area

In this work, the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera thalli collected from the sur- face and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area were studied with chlorophyll fluorescence and oxy- graph technology. The samples with the highest photosynthetic activity among their kinds, the floating thalli from the sea surface of the south of the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center and the sedimentary thalli from the mud surface of the bottom Tuandao bay, were chosen as representatives of surface thalli and bottom thalli, respectively. The results showed that the maximal PSII quantum yield of the floating thalli was significantly lower than the normal level although their photosynthetic activities were relatively high; the photosynthetic potential of the thalli form the mud surface was extremely low. Thus, it is indicated that the floating thalli are seriously stressed by their environment and the thalli from the mud surface are already dead or are dying. On the other hand, the results of the laboratory cultivation showed that the sedimentary thalli cannot regain normal photosynthetic activity even under normal illumination condi- tions. Thus, the thalli from the mud surface cannot become reproductive source of the alga even if they can reach sea surface again. Therefore, a preliminary conclusion can be reached that, up to mid-July 2008, the environmental conditions of the Qingdao sea area are not suitable for the growth of the alga E. prolifera and for this reason the biomass of E. prolifera, in the area, could be declining.

Enrichment and hydrogen production by marine anaerobic hydrogen-producing microflora

Acid, alkali, heat-shock, KNO3 and control pretreatment methods applied to anaerobic sludge were evaluated for their ability to selectively enrich the marine hydrogen-producing mixed microflora. Sea-water culture medium was used as the substrate. The hydrogen yield of pretreated microflora was higher than that of the un-pretreated control (P < 0.05). Among the pretreatment methods studied, heat-shock pretreatment yielded the greatest hydrogen production, which was 14.6 times that of the control. When the effect of initial pH on hydrogen production of heat-shock pretreated samples was studied, hydrogen was produced over the entire pH range (pH 4 - 10). The hydrogen yield peaked at initial pH 8 (79 mL/g sucrose) and then steadily decreased as the initial pH increased. Sucrose con-sumption was high at neutral initial pH. During the process of hydrogen production, pH decreased gradually, which indicated that the acquired microflora consisted of acidogenic bacteria.

Characterization of small RNAs from Ulva prolifera by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis

The seaweed Ulva prolifera exists in 2 different states; attached to rocks or free-floating. However, there is little difference between the structures of the 2 states. U. prolifera thalli show significant differences in growth rate, with the attached thalli growing at a normal rate and free-floating thalli growing at a much faster rate. This raised the possibility that the growth of the two states may be regulated differently. miRNAs are important post-transcriptional regulators. In higher plants and animals, miRNAs have been extensively studied but they have been rarely studied in algae. To identify U. prolifera miRNAs and to investigate their possible roles in proliferation, we constructed and sequenced small RNA (sRNA) libraries from U. prolifera. Our results show that U. prolifera has a complex small RNA system that might play important roles in various processes.

Identification and bioinformatics analysis of pseudogenes from whole genome sequence of Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Pseudogenes share sequence similarities with functional genes,but in general they have lost their protein-coding ability.The identification of pseudogenes is a very important step in genome annotation.Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine diatom that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).The genome of P.tricornutum has been completely sequenced.To identify pseudogenes in P.tricornutum,we developed a pipeline to discover and characterize pseudogenes.We identified a total of 1654 'true' processed pseudogenes,714 duplicated pseudogenes and 4729 pseudogene fragments.The results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that the genome sequence of P.tricornutum contained many pseudogenes and pseudogene fragments.

Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of a Gymnodinium-like species from the Chinese Coast

A Gymnodinium-like species was studied with light microscopy(LM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Also,the internal transcribed spacers(containing 5.8S rDNA) and large ribosomal subunit DNA(D1-D2) sequences were obtained by PCR amplification,and then sequenced to explore the rela-tionships within our isolate,Gymnodinium and other Gymnodinium-like species,including Karenia,Gyrodinium,Karlodinium and Symbiodinium.The LM observation showed that the species was characterized by moving in a levorotatory direction,visible hypocone,epicone and transverse groove,all of which are typical for Gymnodinium.In addition,two flagella could be found under SEM.The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate grouped with Symbiodium,rather than other relevant dinoflagellates.All results showed our isolate belongs to Symbiodium.The strain was isolated from a red tide