为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低...为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低,对杂草的鲜重防效高于株数防效。使用氟噻草胺后,大豆生长正常,产量较空白对照有显著性增加。推荐氟噻草胺在大豆田的使用剂量为630~810 g a.i./hm^2,该剂量下药后28 d对杂草的合计鲜重防效达84.9%~92.0%,且对大豆安全。氟噻草胺的杀草谱和防效与乙草胺相近,可以作为乙草胺的替换产品在大豆田使用。展开更多
2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、...2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋、反枝苋、酸浆等,适宜剂量为780~975 g a.i./hm^(2),对杂草鲜重总防效为88.2%~100.0%,防效均高于丙炔氟草胺和精异丙甲草胺2个单剂。52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生出苗、生长和发育无影响,产量比空白对照增产30%以上,该药剂在花生播后苗前施药对花生安全。展开更多
Flixweed seeds were collected from suspected winter wheat fields and remote hillside in Shaanxi Province, China, their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in the greenhouse. Results revealed that biotype...Flixweed seeds were collected from suspected winter wheat fields and remote hillside in Shaanxi Province, China, their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in the greenhouse. Results revealed that biotype S was susceptible to tribenuron, and its GRs0 was 0.23 g a.i. ha^-1, whereas biotypes R1, R2, R3, and R4 were resistant to the tribenuron, and their GR50 were 161.99, 79.70, 439.80, and 312.30, respectively. Biotypes R1 and R2 showed moderate resistance with resistant indices （RI） of 615.23 and 302.7, respectively. Whereas biotypes R3 and R4 showed high resistance to the herbicide with RI values as high as 1 670.34 and 1 186.10, respectively.展开更多
Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were fo...Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50(50% effective concentration) values differed statistically(763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively). Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS. Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism. Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(CYP) genes. These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families. The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes(168) belonging to 17 families. Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes. The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively. Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples. These genes may contribute to nicosulfuron tolerance in maize. A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster. The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-q PCR analysis. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize cytochrome P450 in herbicide metabolism.展开更多
Shepherd＇s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Res...Shepherd＇s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Results revealed that HB-1,HB-2,HB-3,HB-4,HB-6,HB-7,HB-17,HB-18,HB-19,HB-20,HB-21,and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuron-methyl characterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i.ha-1.On the other hand,populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices （RI） ranging from 10-100 folds,whilst populations HB-5,HB-8,HB-9,HB-10,HB-11,HB-12,HB-13,and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100.The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%,and that of high resistance was about 36.36%.展开更多
文摘为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低,对杂草的鲜重防效高于株数防效。使用氟噻草胺后,大豆生长正常,产量较空白对照有显著性增加。推荐氟噻草胺在大豆田的使用剂量为630~810 g a.i./hm^2,该剂量下药后28 d对杂草的合计鲜重防效达84.9%~92.0%,且对大豆安全。氟噻草胺的杀草谱和防效与乙草胺相近,可以作为乙草胺的替换产品在大豆田使用。
文摘2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋、反枝苋、酸浆等,适宜剂量为780~975 g a.i./hm^(2),对杂草鲜重总防效为88.2%~100.0%,防效均高于丙炔氟草胺和精异丙甲草胺2个单剂。52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生出苗、生长和发育无影响,产量比空白对照增产30%以上,该药剂在花生播后苗前施药对花生安全。
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2006BAD08A09)
文摘Flixweed seeds were collected from suspected winter wheat fields and remote hillside in Shaanxi Province, China, their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in the greenhouse. Results revealed that biotype S was susceptible to tribenuron, and its GRs0 was 0.23 g a.i. ha^-1, whereas biotypes R1, R2, R3, and R4 were resistant to the tribenuron, and their GR50 were 161.99, 79.70, 439.80, and 312.30, respectively. Biotypes R1 and R2 showed moderate resistance with resistant indices （RI） of 615.23 and 302.7, respectively. Whereas biotypes R3 and R4 showed high resistance to the herbicide with RI values as high as 1 670.34 and 1 186.10, respectively.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501660)the Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei, China (17226507D)the Foundation of Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, China (LYS2015001)
文摘Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50(50% effective concentration) values differed statistically(763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively). Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS. Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism. Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(CYP) genes. These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families. The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes(168) belonging to 17 families. Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes. The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively. Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples. These genes may contribute to nicosulfuron tolerance in maize. A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster. The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-q PCR analysis. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize cytochrome P450 in herbicide metabolism.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection (IPP),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China (SKL2010OP15)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000856)
文摘Shepherd＇s purse seeds were collected from winter wheat fields and road sides in Hebei Province,China.Their sensitivities to tribenuron-methyl were evaluated in a whole plant dose response assay in the greenhouse.Results revealed that HB-1,HB-2,HB-3,HB-4,HB-6,HB-7,HB-17,HB-18,HB-19,HB-20,HB-21,and HB-22 populations were susceptible to tribenuron-methyl characterised by very low GR50 values of about 0.10 g a.i.ha-1.On the other hand,populations HB-15 and HB-16 had moderate resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices （RI） ranging from 10-100 folds,whilst populations HB-5,HB-8,HB-9,HB-10,HB-11,HB-12,HB-13,and HB-14 expressed high level of resistance to tribenuron-methyl with resistance indices over 100.The proportion of moderate resistance level was about 9.09%,and that of high resistance was about 36.36%.
