上海作为我国最大的城市之一,人口密集,人类活动频繁,原生植被物种多样性受人为干扰严重。作为古老的孑遗植物,蕨类植物对生长和繁殖环境要求严格,能够灵敏地指示环境变化。为摸清上海市国土空间生态环境现状,调查团队在上海市全域土地...上海作为我国最大的城市之一,人口密集,人类活动频繁,原生植被物种多样性受人为干扰严重。作为古老的孑遗植物,蕨类植物对生长和繁殖环境要求严格,能够灵敏地指示环境变化。为摸清上海市国土空间生态环境现状,调查团队在上海市全域土地综合整治项目区内展开长期定点监测,期间在奉贤区西渡街道辖区发现了上海蕨类植物新记录种——柄叶瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook.)。文章对新记录种的形态特征和发现生境进行描述,讨论了Flora of China与《云南植物志》对其形态描述的差异,认为《云南植物志》中的描述与原始发表文献和模式标本更为接近,即该种的重要特征为其不育叶的基部下延呈柄状。柄叶瓶尔小草在江浙沪地区亦属首次报道,此次发现扩大了该种向东和北的分布记录,对研究蕨类区系分布有推进作用;瓶尔小草属植物近年来在华东地区较为罕见,本次发现地位于上海市全域土地综合整治项目区内的生态公益林,彰显了上海城市森林建设的生态效能。最后,建议将保护珍稀物种及其生境的理念融入全域土地综合整治工作,为指导大都市国土综合整治和生态保护修复工作提供新思路和新挑战。展开更多
Internal solitary waves(ISWs)are ubiquitous in the Andaman Sea,as revealed by synthetic aperture radar images;however,their generation mechanisms and corresponding influencing factors remain unknown.Based on a nonhydr...Internal solitary waves(ISWs)are ubiquitous in the Andaman Sea,as revealed by synthetic aperture radar images;however,their generation mechanisms and corresponding influencing factors remain unknown.Based on a nonhydrostatic two-dimensional model,the generation of ISW packets along the transect of a channel lying between Batti Malv Island and Car Nicobar Island is investigated.Moreover,the influences of topographic characteristics,seasonal stratifications,and tidal forcings are analyzed through a series of sensitivity runs.The simulation results indicate that bidirectional rank-ordered ISW packets are generated by the nonlinear steepening of internal tides.An east-west ISW asymmetry is observed,which is attributed to distinct topographic characteristics.The surrounding sills can also generate internal wave beams,which modulate the intensity of ISWs.However,the topographic structure of the west flank of the ridge mainly contributes to the suppression of westward ISWs,which decreases the modulating effect of internal wave beams.During the spring tide,the generation of ISWs is enhanced.During the neap tide,ISWs are weak,and the east-west ISW asymmetry is less obvious.Moreover,seasonal stratification only has a minor effect on the generation and evolution of ISWs.展开更多
肾母细胞瘤(Wilms tumor,WT)是儿童最常见的肾恶性肿瘤。COG(Children’s Oncology Group,儿童肿瘤协作组)和SIOP(International Society of Paediatric Oncology,国际儿童肿瘤学会)两大儿童肿瘤研究的国际协作组织分别形成了各自的诊...肾母细胞瘤(Wilms tumor,WT)是儿童最常见的肾恶性肿瘤。COG(Children’s Oncology Group,儿童肿瘤协作组)和SIOP(International Society of Paediatric Oncology,国际儿童肿瘤学会)两大儿童肿瘤研究的国际协作组织分别形成了各自的诊疗方案:COG推荐手术优先,然后行化疗与放射治疗等辅助治疗;SIOP强调术前化疗,然后行手术与放射治疗。目前该两大协作组发布的肾母细胞瘤患者总体生存率均达到90%。中国抗癌协会小儿肿瘤专业委员会及中华医学会小儿外科学分会泌尿外科学组在COG和SIOP方案的基础上也先后发表了诊疗建议和共识。本文重点介绍COG方案和SIOP方案的异同,主要包括组织学分类、临床分期、危险度分组、治疗方案以及复发后治疗等方面;进而解读中国儿童肾母细胞瘤诊疗共识,分析中国的诊疗现状,供广大临床医师参考和借鉴。展开更多
文摘上海作为我国最大的城市之一,人口密集,人类活动频繁,原生植被物种多样性受人为干扰严重。作为古老的孑遗植物,蕨类植物对生长和繁殖环境要求严格,能够灵敏地指示环境变化。为摸清上海市国土空间生态环境现状,调查团队在上海市全域土地综合整治项目区内展开长期定点监测,期间在奉贤区西渡街道辖区发现了上海蕨类植物新记录种——柄叶瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook.)。文章对新记录种的形态特征和发现生境进行描述,讨论了Flora of China与《云南植物志》对其形态描述的差异,认为《云南植物志》中的描述与原始发表文献和模式标本更为接近,即该种的重要特征为其不育叶的基部下延呈柄状。柄叶瓶尔小草在江浙沪地区亦属首次报道,此次发现扩大了该种向东和北的分布记录,对研究蕨类区系分布有推进作用;瓶尔小草属植物近年来在华东地区较为罕见,本次发现地位于上海市全域土地综合整治项目区内的生态公益林,彰显了上海城市森林建设的生态效能。最后,建议将保护珍稀物种及其生境的理念融入全域土地综合整治工作,为指导大都市国土综合整治和生态保护修复工作提供新思路和新挑战。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41876012)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2017YFC1405605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202061001).
文摘Internal solitary waves(ISWs)are ubiquitous in the Andaman Sea,as revealed by synthetic aperture radar images;however,their generation mechanisms and corresponding influencing factors remain unknown.Based on a nonhydrostatic two-dimensional model,the generation of ISW packets along the transect of a channel lying between Batti Malv Island and Car Nicobar Island is investigated.Moreover,the influences of topographic characteristics,seasonal stratifications,and tidal forcings are analyzed through a series of sensitivity runs.The simulation results indicate that bidirectional rank-ordered ISW packets are generated by the nonlinear steepening of internal tides.An east-west ISW asymmetry is observed,which is attributed to distinct topographic characteristics.The surrounding sills can also generate internal wave beams,which modulate the intensity of ISWs.However,the topographic structure of the west flank of the ridge mainly contributes to the suppression of westward ISWs,which decreases the modulating effect of internal wave beams.During the spring tide,the generation of ISWs is enhanced.During the neap tide,ISWs are weak,and the east-west ISW asymmetry is less obvious.Moreover,seasonal stratification only has a minor effect on the generation and evolution of ISWs.
文摘肾母细胞瘤(Wilms tumor,WT)是儿童最常见的肾恶性肿瘤。COG(Children’s Oncology Group,儿童肿瘤协作组)和SIOP(International Society of Paediatric Oncology,国际儿童肿瘤学会)两大儿童肿瘤研究的国际协作组织分别形成了各自的诊疗方案:COG推荐手术优先,然后行化疗与放射治疗等辅助治疗;SIOP强调术前化疗,然后行手术与放射治疗。目前该两大协作组发布的肾母细胞瘤患者总体生存率均达到90%。中国抗癌协会小儿肿瘤专业委员会及中华医学会小儿外科学分会泌尿外科学组在COG和SIOP方案的基础上也先后发表了诊疗建议和共识。本文重点介绍COG方案和SIOP方案的异同,主要包括组织学分类、临床分期、危险度分组、治疗方案以及复发后治疗等方面;进而解读中国儿童肾母细胞瘤诊疗共识,分析中国的诊疗现状,供广大临床医师参考和借鉴。
