膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作...膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。展开更多
The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed t...The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll （Chl.）, soluble protein （SP） contents, net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductance （G） of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, Pn, and Tr and Gs, and negatively associated with their leaf Ci. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging.展开更多
文摘膳食补硒是人类摄入硒的主要途径,通过硒生物强化技术能有效提高作物硒含量。本研究以甜荞品种西农9976为试验材料,亚硒酸钠为硒源,采用大田试验,设置纯硒施用量0(Se0)、5(Se5)和20 g hm^(-2)(Se20)3个水平。于2020—2021年连续两个作物生长季,研究不同外源硒浓度下甜荞光合特性、干物质积累与转运、农艺性状及产量的变化规律及其对各器官硒含量、硒转运因子及籽粒硒利用率的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠使甜荞叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)较对照平均增加13.12%、11.50%、5.48%、5.95%和5.77%,改善了叶片光合物质生产能力;喷硒处理显著增加甜荞叶片光系统Ⅱ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSII))及光化学淬灭系数(qp),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ),使其增强对光能的捕获及转化能力,减少无效光能损失,提高对高光的利用能力。两个施硒量下,甜荞茎部和叶部的干物质积累量较Se0处理显著上升而分配比例显著下降;籽粒的干物质积累量和分配比例均得到提高;茎部和叶部的干物质转运量、移动率和对籽粒的贡献率分别在Se5和Se20浓度下出现最大值。喷硒处理使甜荞千粒重、单株粒数和产量较对照分别提高3.1%~11.3%、13.5%~32.0%和4.9%~23.2%。甜荞各部位硒含量和转运因子在Se20处理下出现最大值,而籽粒硒的利用率在Se5处理下较高。综上所述,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠能改善甜荞光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数,增加各器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向籽粒转运,从而提高甜荞籽粒产量。此外,叶面喷硒后甜荞各部位硒含量显著提高,Se5处理下荞麦籽粒硒利用率最高,且籽粒硒含量符合国家谷物富硒标准,适合于黄土高原地区推广使用。
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903007)the Cyrus Tang Specific Plant Genetics and Breeding Program of the Northwest A&F University, China (No. 50)
文摘The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll （Chl.）, soluble protein （SP） contents, net photosynthetic rates （Pn）, transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductance （G） of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, Pn, and Tr and Gs, and negatively associated with their leaf Ci. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, Pn, Tr, and Gs than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging.
