针对Ad Hoc网络路由发现过程中广播路由请求分组导致的广播风暴问题,提出了一种基于节点度估计和静态博弈转发策略的Ad Hoc网络路由协议NGRP.NGRP考虑边界影响,采用分段函数的思想将网络场景分为中心、边和角区域,分别估算网络中节点在...针对Ad Hoc网络路由发现过程中广播路由请求分组导致的广播风暴问题,提出了一种基于节点度估计和静态博弈转发策略的Ad Hoc网络路由协议NGRP.NGRP考虑边界影响,采用分段函数的思想将网络场景分为中心、边和角区域,分别估算网络中节点在不同区域的节点度,避免了周期性广播Hello消息获取节点度导致的开销;NGRP路由请求分组的转发采用静态博弈转发策略,利用节点度估算参与转发路由请求分组的节点数量,将转发和不转发作为策略集合,设计效益函数,通过纳什均衡获得节点转发路由请求分组的转发概率,从而减少了路由请求分组广播过程中产生的大量的冗余、竞争和冲突,提高了路由发现过程中路由请求分组的广播效率.运用NS-2对协议的性能进行大量的仿真,结果表明:NGRP的分组投递率、路由开销、MAC层路由开销和吞吐率这4项指标明显优于AODV+FDG,AODV with Hello和AODV without Hello协议.展开更多
Kevlar fiber (KF) is a synthesized product with strong mechanical properties. We used KF as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites. KF was pretreated with...Kevlar fiber (KF) is a synthesized product with strong mechanical properties. We used KF as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites. KF was pretreated with NaOH to improve its compatibility with the thermoplastic matrix. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between KF, WF, and PP. Incorporation of KF improved the mechanical properties of WF/PP composites. Treatment of KF with NaOH resulted in further improvement in mechanical strength. Addition of 3% MAPP and 2% hydrolyzed KF (HKF) led to an increment of 93.8% in unnotched impact strength, 17.7% in notched impact strength, 86.8% in flexure strength, 50.8% in flexure modulus, and 94.1% in tensile strength compared to traditional WF/PP composites. Scanning electron microscopy of the cryoractured section of WF/PP showed that the HKF surface was rougher than the virgin KF, and the KF was randomly distributed in the composites, which might cause a mechanical interlocking between KF and polypropylene molecules in the composites.展开更多
文摘针对Ad Hoc网络路由发现过程中广播路由请求分组导致的广播风暴问题,提出了一种基于节点度估计和静态博弈转发策略的Ad Hoc网络路由协议NGRP.NGRP考虑边界影响,采用分段函数的思想将网络场景分为中心、边和角区域,分别估算网络中节点在不同区域的节点度,避免了周期性广播Hello消息获取节点度导致的开销;NGRP路由请求分组的转发采用静态博弈转发策略,利用节点度估算参与转发路由请求分组的节点数量,将转发和不转发作为策略集合,设计效益函数,通过纳什均衡获得节点转发路由请求分组的转发概率,从而减少了路由请求分组广播过程中产生的大量的冗余、竞争和冲突,提高了路由发现过程中路由请求分组的广播效率.运用NS-2对协议的性能进行大量的仿真,结果表明:NGRP的分组投递率、路由开销、MAC层路由开销和吞吐率这4项指标明显优于AODV+FDG,AODV with Hello和AODV without Hello协议.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 31010103905 and31070507)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (NCET-11-0608)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DL12DB02)
文摘Kevlar fiber (KF) is a synthesized product with strong mechanical properties. We used KF as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of wood-flour/polypropylene (WF/PP) composites. KF was pretreated with NaOH to improve its compatibility with the thermoplastic matrix. Maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a coupling agent to improve the interfacial adhesion between KF, WF, and PP. Incorporation of KF improved the mechanical properties of WF/PP composites. Treatment of KF with NaOH resulted in further improvement in mechanical strength. Addition of 3% MAPP and 2% hydrolyzed KF (HKF) led to an increment of 93.8% in unnotched impact strength, 17.7% in notched impact strength, 86.8% in flexure strength, 50.8% in flexure modulus, and 94.1% in tensile strength compared to traditional WF/PP composites. Scanning electron microscopy of the cryoractured section of WF/PP showed that the HKF surface was rougher than the virgin KF, and the KF was randomly distributed in the composites, which might cause a mechanical interlocking between KF and polypropylene molecules in the composites.
