Effect of substrate amendment on alkaline minerals and aggregate stability in bauxite residue

Bauxite residue is an alkaline waste material in the process of alumina production due to its characteristics of higher salinity and alkalinity,which results in environmental issues and extremely restricts the sustainable development of alumina industries.In this work,we conduct a column experiment to study the effects of two amendments on aggregate stability and variations in alkaline minerals of bauxite residue.The two amendments are phosphogypsum(PG)and phosphogypsum and vermicompost(PVC).The dominant fraction in aggregate is 1–0.25 mm in diameter on the surface,which takes up 39.34%,39.38%,and 44.51%for CK,PG,and PVC,respectively.Additions of PG and PVC decreased pH,EC,ESP,exchangeable Na^+concentration and the percentage of alkaline minerals,and then increased exchangeable Ca^2+concentration in bauxite residue.There was significant positive correlation between pH and exchangeable Na^+concentration,the percentage of cancrinite,tricalcium aluminate and calcite;while negative correlation was found in pH value versus exchangeable Ca^2+concentration.Theses findings confirmed that additions of phosphogypsum and vermicompost have a stimulative effect on aggregate stability in bauxite residue.In particular,amendment neutralization(phosphogypsum+vermicompost)in column represents an advantage for large-scale simulation of vegetation rehabilitate in bauxite residue disposal areas.

Regional-scale investigation of salt ions distribution characteristics in bauxite residue: A case study in a disposal area

Revegetation on bauxite residue disposal areas is the most promising strategy to reduce its potential ecological risk during stacking or disposing.Migration of salt ions in bauxite residue is one of the major issues to stimulate soil formation to support plant growth.21 residue samples were collected and the related parameters including exchangeable cations,soluble ions,total salt,pH,electrical conductivity(EC)and exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP)were selected to evaluate alkalization and salinization of bauxite residue.High levels of ions,cation exchange capacity(TOC),total salt,exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP)and cation exchange capacity(CEC)in bauxite residue were detected with greater coefficient of variation(CV),which indicated that distribution characteristics of salt ions varied significantly.The percentage of sulfate-chloride-soda type in the residues accounted for 71.43%.The mean value of pH was 10.10,whilst mean value of ESP was 52.05%.It indicated that the residues in this case study belonged to sulfate-chloride-soda saline and alkaline soil.The research results could provide theoretical basis for soil formation in bauxite residue.

组蛋白修饰调控植物对胁迫的记忆与警备抗性的研究进展

植物扎根土壤,面对不利的环境胁迫无法逃避。然而,植物已经进化出对环境胁迫的记忆(stress memory)与警备抗性(或防御警备defense priming)等机制适应环境。环境胁迫在短时间内无法改变植物的DNA碱基序列,因此表观遗传被认为是植物对环境胁迫产生记忆和产生防御警备的主要机制,而组蛋白修饰被认为是最重要的机制,为胁迫记忆提供了可能。本文综述了非生物和生物胁迫下植物分别以胁迫记忆和防御警备机制为主导的组蛋白修饰参与抵御不良环境的最新进展,并提出该研究领域存在的问题和今后研究的重点与方向。深入探究组蛋白修饰与植物适应环境胁迫的关系,可为提高植物抗性、植物表型塑造、器官再生和作物改良等方面提供理论和技术指导。

广西某赤泥堆场周边土壤重金属污染风险

为考察广西典型赤泥堆场周边农田土壤重金属污染环境风险,采集194个表层土壤样品,运用内梅罗综合指数法、Harkanson潜在生态危害指数法分析重金属污染状况,利用空间插值法、主成分分析法等对8种重金属元素进行源解析.结果表明,除V、Cu,其他元素的平均含量均超过广西区背景值,Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Pb、Co平均含量超过广西区土壤背景值倍数,分别为1.69、1.35、2.45、11.83、4.17、1.95,其中As为首要污染物;农田土壤呈现出"中度"生态风险,As的贡献率高达68%.8种重金属空间分布特征整体有一定相似之处,均在赤泥库东北方向和西南方向浓度较高,而在东南方向整体浓度较低,并非下风向的西北方向,仅Cr在西北角出现明显富集,可能受到赤泥库影响.农田重金属污染源不同,As污染主要受人为因素影响,V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co主要受到自然成土母质的影响,Cr同时受到成土母质和人为因素的影响.