神经信息系统(neuro information systems,Neuro IS)是认知神经科学理论、方法和工具在信息系统领域的应用,从全新的方法论视角研究和解决信息系统中的相关问题.神经信息系统的研究主要集中在系统设计与优化、信息服务与决策、社会网络...神经信息系统(neuro information systems,Neuro IS)是认知神经科学理论、方法和工具在信息系统领域的应用,从全新的方法论视角研究和解决信息系统中的相关问题.神经信息系统的研究主要集中在系统设计与优化、信息服务与决策、社会网络与互动这三大领域,主要的研究范式可分为情景实验的研究范式、心理学及决策科学经典任务应用的研究范式、多任务多方法结合三类.神经信息系统研究方法有效弥补了传统信息系统研究存在的不足,减少了应答偏误、实现了用户心理过程的准确测量并探索了用户决策的神经机制,发展和深化了信息系统的研究手段和理论基础.神经信息系统研究在补充和丰富现有理论的基础上,通过探索和发现传统信息系统领域中尚未解决以及存在争议的问题,揭示用户信息决策的机制,打开"黑箱",推动信息系统科学研究向"更客观,更深入"的方向发展.当前数字经济蓬勃发展,神经信息系统方向的发展为从事信息系统研究的学者提出了新的历史使命,创造了新的历史机遇.展开更多
A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part ...A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of China.Six vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage treatment.The weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.The sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year experiment.The citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage treatment.In general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region to retain water and soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of citrus.展开更多
文摘神经信息系统(neuro information systems,Neuro IS)是认知神经科学理论、方法和工具在信息系统领域的应用,从全新的方法论视角研究和解决信息系统中的相关问题.神经信息系统的研究主要集中在系统设计与优化、信息服务与决策、社会网络与互动这三大领域,主要的研究范式可分为情景实验的研究范式、心理学及决策科学经典任务应用的研究范式、多任务多方法结合三类.神经信息系统研究方法有效弥补了传统信息系统研究存在的不足,减少了应答偏误、实现了用户心理过程的准确测量并探索了用户决策的神经机制,发展和深化了信息系统的研究手段和理论基础.神经信息系统研究在补充和丰富现有理论的基础上,通过探索和发现传统信息系统领域中尚未解决以及存在争议的问题,揭示用户信息决策的机制,打开"黑箱",推动信息系统科学研究向"更客观,更深入"的方向发展.当前数字经济蓬勃发展,神经信息系统方向的发展为从事信息系统研究的学者提出了新的历史使命,创造了新的历史机遇.
文摘A three-year experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the economic and ecological benefits of six types of vegetation management measures in citrus orchards of the hilly red soil region of the eastern part of China.Six vegetation treatments,including tillage without herbicide(clean tillage)and no tillage without herbicide(sod culture) and with herbicide paraquat(paraquat),glyphosate(glyphosate),glyphosate-glyphosate-paraquat(G-G-P),and paraquat- paraquat-glyphosate(P-P-G),were applied in the citrus orchards on a clayey red soil with slopes of 8°and 13°and a sandy soil with slope of 25°.The results showed that the sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments reduced surface runoff by 38.8%,42.5%,18.7%,28.7%,and 37.5%,then the soil-water losses by 55.5%,51.7%,39.9%,46.8%, and 50.0%,and the N,P,and K nutrient losses by 60.3%,50.2%,37.0%,41.8%,and 45.4%,respectively,as compared with the clean tillage treatment.The weed regeneration ratios with the treatments of clean tillage without herbicide,paraquat, glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G were reduced by 55.1%,67.2%,30.3%,36.8%,and 51.2%,respectively,as compared with the sod culture.The sod culture,paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G treatments could increase the soil fertility (annual accumulation of N,P,K,and OM)by 7.1%,6.9%,5.3%,6.2%,and 6.6%,respectively,whereas the clean tillage treatment without herbicide reduced soil fertility by 4.4% after the three-year experiment.The citrus fruit yields in the treatments of paraquat,glyphosate,G-G-P,and P-P-G increased by 7%-10%;the soluble solid,total sugar,total acidity,sugar-acid ratio,and single fruit weight of citrus fruits of all treatments except sod culture significantly(P>0.05) exceeded that of the clean tillage treatment.In general,the paraquat treatment showed the best economic and ecological benefits among the six treatments;therefore,it could be regarded as the best available vegetation management measure in citrus orchards of hilly red soil region to retain water and soil,enhance soil fertility,and improve the yield and quality of citrus.
