During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated ow...During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated owing to the complex features of the product system,namely,components of the multi-component system are interdependent with each other in some form.For the purpose of optimizing the EW pricing decision of the multi-component system scientifically and rationally,taking the series multi-component system with economic dependence sold with EW policy as a research object,this paper optimizes the imperfect preventive maintenance(PM)strategy from the standpoint of EW cost.Taking into consideration adjusting the PM moments of the components in the system,a group maintenance model is developed,in which the system is repaired preventively in accordance with a specified PM base interval.In order to compare with the system EW cost before group maintenance,the system EW cost model before group maintenance is developed.Numerical example demonstrates that offering group maintenance programs can reduce EW cost of the system to a great extent,thereby reducing the EW price,which proves to be a win-win strategy to manufacturers and users.展开更多
为探讨冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)菌丝体对獭兔免疫功能的影响,以冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液为添加剂,对母獭兔及其断乳幼仔进行喂饲试验。母兔喂饲试验:选取80只体质量相近且刚配种的同期怀孕母兔,随机分为2组,试验组喂饲改良日粮(基础...为探讨冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)菌丝体对獭兔免疫功能的影响,以冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液为添加剂,对母獭兔及其断乳幼仔进行喂饲试验。母兔喂饲试验:选取80只体质量相近且刚配种的同期怀孕母兔,随机分为2组,试验组喂饲改良日粮(基础日粮中添加2%冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液),对照组喂基础日粮。仔兔喂饲试验:随机选取母兔喂饲试验组所产断奶仔兔10只,喂饲改良日粮(试验组Ⅰ);选取母兔喂饲试验的对照组所产断奶仔兔20只,随机分为2组,一组喂饲改良日粮(试验组Ⅱ),另一组喂饲基础日粮(对照组)。母兔喂饲试验表明:相对于对照组,试验组母兔所产仔兔存活率提高了28个百分点(P<0.01),而整窝死亡率降低了33.5个百分点(P<0.05);试验组的哺乳期母兔免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A, IgA)含量也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。仔兔喂饲试验表明:试验组Ⅰ仔兔蚓突指数显著高于对照组,而试验组Ⅰ与试验组Ⅱ间的差异未达显著水平(P>0.05);试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ的T淋巴细胞阳性率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综上可见,对孕期及哺乳期母兔喂饲添加冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液的改良日粮,有利于降低仔兔死亡率,提高母兔免疫因子IgA含量,对断乳幼兔喂饲改良日粮有利于提高免疫器官质量和T淋巴细胞阳性率,从而增强獭兔的免疫功能。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871219).
文摘During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated owing to the complex features of the product system,namely,components of the multi-component system are interdependent with each other in some form.For the purpose of optimizing the EW pricing decision of the multi-component system scientifically and rationally,taking the series multi-component system with economic dependence sold with EW policy as a research object,this paper optimizes the imperfect preventive maintenance(PM)strategy from the standpoint of EW cost.Taking into consideration adjusting the PM moments of the components in the system,a group maintenance model is developed,in which the system is repaired preventively in accordance with a specified PM base interval.In order to compare with the system EW cost before group maintenance,the system EW cost model before group maintenance is developed.Numerical example demonstrates that offering group maintenance programs can reduce EW cost of the system to a great extent,thereby reducing the EW price,which proves to be a win-win strategy to manufacturers and users.
文摘为探讨冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)菌丝体对獭兔免疫功能的影响,以冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液为添加剂,对母獭兔及其断乳幼仔进行喂饲试验。母兔喂饲试验:选取80只体质量相近且刚配种的同期怀孕母兔,随机分为2组,试验组喂饲改良日粮(基础日粮中添加2%冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液),对照组喂基础日粮。仔兔喂饲试验:随机选取母兔喂饲试验组所产断奶仔兔10只,喂饲改良日粮(试验组Ⅰ);选取母兔喂饲试验的对照组所产断奶仔兔20只,随机分为2组,一组喂饲改良日粮(试验组Ⅱ),另一组喂饲基础日粮(对照组)。母兔喂饲试验表明:相对于对照组,试验组母兔所产仔兔存活率提高了28个百分点(P<0.01),而整窝死亡率降低了33.5个百分点(P<0.05);试验组的哺乳期母兔免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A, IgA)含量也显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。仔兔喂饲试验表明:试验组Ⅰ仔兔蚓突指数显著高于对照组,而试验组Ⅰ与试验组Ⅱ间的差异未达显著水平(P>0.05);试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ的T淋巴细胞阳性率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。综上可见,对孕期及哺乳期母兔喂饲添加冬虫夏草菌丝体发酵液的改良日粮,有利于降低仔兔死亡率,提高母兔免疫因子IgA含量,对断乳幼兔喂饲改良日粮有利于提高免疫器官质量和T淋巴细胞阳性率,从而增强獭兔的免疫功能。