为了探讨种植密度和施氮量对棉花干物质与氮素积累分配及产量的影响。本研究以聊棉6号为试验材料,设置5.25、6.75和8.25万株hm^-2(D5.25、D6.75、D8.25)3个种植密度,0、105、210、315和420 kg hm^-2(N0、N105、N210、N315、N420)5个施氮...为了探讨种植密度和施氮量对棉花干物质与氮素积累分配及产量的影响。本研究以聊棉6号为试验材料,设置5.25、6.75和8.25万株hm^-2(D5.25、D6.75、D8.25)3个种植密度,0、105、210、315和420 kg hm^-2(N0、N105、N210、N315、N420)5个施氮量,研究增密减氮对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与D5.25相比,D6.75、D8.25条件下棉花干物质积累量显著升高,2016年提高了17.6%、28.7%,2017年提高了12.6%、20.9%。与N0相比,施氮肥后干物质积累量随施氮量的增加显著升高,2016年各施氮处理分别提高了4.5%、11.1%、13.7%、16.3%,2017年提高了3.6%、13.5%、15.3%、19.8%。棉花氮素吸收与干物质积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,2年间棉株氮素最大累积量(Ym)均在D8.25N420处理下获得,与平均值相比,棉株氮素最大累积量分别提高了17.3%和23.8%、快速累积持续时间(T)延长了5.2%和9.9%、最大累积速率(Vm)提升11.5%和13.8%,氮素快速积累期起始时期(t1)比干物质积累分别提早了4.1 d和6.4 d。2016年D5.25N315、D6.75N210、D6.75N105和2017年D5.25N315、D6.75N210处理的棉花产量显著高于其他处理。种植密度和施氮量的互作效应对棉花产量的影响显著,增密减氮可以获得高产,推荐本地区棉花种植密度从常规的5.25万株hm^-2增加到6.75万株hm^-2,施氮量从常规的300 kg hm^-2第一年减少为105 kg hm^-2,第二年减少为210 kg hm^-2。展开更多
Increasing nitrogen(N)rate could accelerate the decomposition of crop residues,and then improve crop yield by increasing N availability of soil and N uptake of crops.However,it is not clear whether N rate and plant de...Increasing nitrogen(N)rate could accelerate the decomposition of crop residues,and then improve crop yield by increasing N availability of soil and N uptake of crops.However,it is not clear whether N rate and plant density should be modified after a long period of cotton stubble return with high N rate.This study seeks to assess the effects of N rate and plant density on cotton yield,N use efficiency,leaf senescence,soil inorganic N,and apparent N balance in cotton stubble return fields in Liaocheng,China,in 2016 and 2017.Three plant densities 5.25(D_(5.25)),6.75(D_(6.75))and 8.25(D_(8.25))plants m^(-2) and five N rates 0(N_(0)),105(N_(105)),210(N_(210)),315(N315),and 420(N420)kg ha^(-1) were investigated.Compared to the combination used by local farmers(D_(5.25)N_(315)),a 33.3%N reduction and a 28.6%increase in plant density(D_(6.75)N_(210))can maintain high cotton yield,while a 66.7%N reduction at 6.75 plants m^(-2)(D_(6.75)N_(105))can only achieve high yield in the first year.Biological yield increased with the increase of N rate and plant density,and the highest yield was obtained under 420 kg N ha^(-1) at 8.25 plants m^(-2)(D_(8.25)N_(420))across the two years under investigation.Compared to D5.25N315,N agronomic efficiency(NAE)and N recovery efficiency(NRE)in D_(6.75)N_(210) increased by 30.2 and 54.1%,respectively,and NAE and NRE in D6.75N105 increased by 104.8 and 88.1%,respectively.Soil inorganic N decreased sharply under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but no change was found under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).N deficit occurred under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but it did not occurr under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).Net photosynthetic rate and N concentration of leaves under N rate ranging from 210 to 420 kg ha^(-1) were higher than those under N rate of 0 or 105 kg N ha^(-1) at all three densities.The findings suggest that D6.75N210 is a superior combination in cotton stubble retaining fields in the Yellow River Valley and other areas with similar ecologies.展开更多
文摘为了探讨种植密度和施氮量对棉花干物质与氮素积累分配及产量的影响。本研究以聊棉6号为试验材料,设置5.25、6.75和8.25万株hm^-2(D5.25、D6.75、D8.25)3个种植密度,0、105、210、315和420 kg hm^-2(N0、N105、N210、N315、N420)5个施氮量,研究增密减氮对棉花干物质积累与分配、氮素积累与分配、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,与D5.25相比,D6.75、D8.25条件下棉花干物质积累量显著升高,2016年提高了17.6%、28.7%,2017年提高了12.6%、20.9%。与N0相比,施氮肥后干物质积累量随施氮量的增加显著升高,2016年各施氮处理分别提高了4.5%、11.1%、13.7%、16.3%,2017年提高了3.6%、13.5%、15.3%、19.8%。棉花氮素吸收与干物质积累动态曲线均符合Logistic模型,2年间棉株氮素最大累积量(Ym)均在D8.25N420处理下获得,与平均值相比,棉株氮素最大累积量分别提高了17.3%和23.8%、快速累积持续时间(T)延长了5.2%和9.9%、最大累积速率(Vm)提升11.5%和13.8%,氮素快速积累期起始时期(t1)比干物质积累分别提早了4.1 d和6.4 d。2016年D5.25N315、D6.75N210、D6.75N105和2017年D5.25N315、D6.75N210处理的棉花产量显著高于其他处理。种植密度和施氮量的互作效应对棉花产量的影响显著,增密减氮可以获得高产,推荐本地区棉花种植密度从常规的5.25万株hm^-2增加到6.75万株hm^-2,施氮量从常规的300 kg hm^-2第一年减少为105 kg hm^-2,第二年减少为210 kg hm^-2。
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601253)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2016CQ20)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M610438)the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shandong Province,China(SDAIT-03-03/05).
文摘Increasing nitrogen(N)rate could accelerate the decomposition of crop residues,and then improve crop yield by increasing N availability of soil and N uptake of crops.However,it is not clear whether N rate and plant density should be modified after a long period of cotton stubble return with high N rate.This study seeks to assess the effects of N rate and plant density on cotton yield,N use efficiency,leaf senescence,soil inorganic N,and apparent N balance in cotton stubble return fields in Liaocheng,China,in 2016 and 2017.Three plant densities 5.25(D_(5.25)),6.75(D_(6.75))and 8.25(D_(8.25))plants m^(-2) and five N rates 0(N_(0)),105(N_(105)),210(N_(210)),315(N315),and 420(N420)kg ha^(-1) were investigated.Compared to the combination used by local farmers(D_(5.25)N_(315)),a 33.3%N reduction and a 28.6%increase in plant density(D_(6.75)N_(210))can maintain high cotton yield,while a 66.7%N reduction at 6.75 plants m^(-2)(D_(6.75)N_(105))can only achieve high yield in the first year.Biological yield increased with the increase of N rate and plant density,and the highest yield was obtained under 420 kg N ha^(-1) at 8.25 plants m^(-2)(D_(8.25)N_(420))across the two years under investigation.Compared to D5.25N315,N agronomic efficiency(NAE)and N recovery efficiency(NRE)in D_(6.75)N_(210) increased by 30.2 and 54.1%,respectively,and NAE and NRE in D6.75N105 increased by 104.8 and 88.1%,respectively.Soil inorganic N decreased sharply under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but no change was found under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).N deficit occurred under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but it did not occurr under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).Net photosynthetic rate and N concentration of leaves under N rate ranging from 210 to 420 kg ha^(-1) were higher than those under N rate of 0 or 105 kg N ha^(-1) at all three densities.The findings suggest that D6.75N210 is a superior combination in cotton stubble retaining fields in the Yellow River Valley and other areas with similar ecologies.
