Effect of heat shock on the susceptibility of Frankliniella occidentalis(Thysanoptera：Thripidae) to insecticides

Currently, insecticides are considered as the primary approach for controlling western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）（Thysanoptera： Thripidae）. However, the heavy use of insecticides resulted in high insect resistance and serious environmental pollution. Given its characteristics of ease of operation and environmental friendliness, insect control using high temperature is receiving considerable renewed research interest. However, although the combination of insecticides and high temperature to control F. occidentalis has been studied before, few studies have focused on the short-term effect of such treatment. In a laboratory study, F. occidentalis adults and second-instar nymphs were exposed to 45℃ for 2 h. Then, their susceptibility to acetamiprid, spinosad, methomyl, and beta-cypermethrin was tested after different periods of recovery time（2–36 h）. Additionally, the specific activity of three detoxification enzymes（esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and cytochrome p450（CYP） monooxygenase） of the treated insects was determined. The results indicated that the fluctuation of susceptibility to insecticides and detoxification enzyme activity during F. occidentalis recovery from heat shock are related. Furthermore, several recovery time points（2, 30, and 36 h） of significant susceptibility to four tested insecticides compared with the control were found during the treatment of adults that were heat-shocked. Recovery time points of higher susceptibility compared with the control depended on different insecticides during the second-instar nymph recovery from heat shock. Interestingly, the fluctuation of CYP monooxygenase activity exhibited a trend that was similar to the fluctuation of susceptibility to insecticides（especially spinosad） during the recovery from heat shock of adults. In addition, the glutathione S-transferase and CYP monooxygenase activity trend was similar to the trend of susceptibility to spinosad during the recovery from heat shock of second-instar nymphs. Our results provide a new approach for controlling F. occidentalis using the combined heat shock and insecticide. This effectively enhances the control efficiency of heat shock and significantly reduces the application of insecticides.

温州龙舟运动基地水利自动化控制体系的设计与实践

温州龙舟运动基地作为2022杭州亚运会龙舟比赛项目场地,其闸门泵站主体工程已在近期建设完成,目前急需结合浙江省数字化改革以及水利防汛防洪防台的要求,实现闸门泵站远程自动化智能控制、数据共享以及网络安全。通过改革传统的3层设计框架为感知控制层、通信传输层、集中控制层和数据应用层的4层总体框架,开展了现地控制单元、控制中心建设和网络体系等建设,整个系统具备了数据采集与处理、运行监视和事件报警、控制与调节和系统保护等功能。在建设过程中,遵循了既高标准又充分节约的原则,首先,采用了国产化高性能上位机组态软件,支持了WebService服务的数据共享以太网研发,满足了国产化和数据共享的要求;其次,开展了高要求的网络安全体系建设,不但布置了高性能的防火墙硬件设施,而且采用了满足国家等级保护2.0要求的云网络安全体系;最后,充分利用了原有的控制中心机房、控制台、大屏、光纤网络等,大大地节约了建设的成本。应用实践表明,本次设计与建设值得同类项目单位的借鉴学习。

教师对待核心素养应该避免两种态度

核心素养是当前国内教育领域备受关注的一个话题,自上而下,从理论研究到政策制定再到实践推行,预示着教育改革的理念与行动在不断向前推进。任何一种教育改革,其成败关键取决于教师,没有教师观念的更新以及与此相应的行动跟进,一切美好的改革愿景都会化为泡影。同样,核心素养理念贯彻实施的成效也取决于教师,先是观念的深刻改变,然后是行动的扎实跟进。对待核心素养,教师要避免两种错误的倾向:一是虚无主义的态度,二是急功近利的态度。