目的系统评价促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗急性颅脑损伤的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Li brary、Clinical Trials、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网数据库和万方数据库,检索年限均从建...目的系统评价促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗急性颅脑损伤的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Li brary、Clinical Trials、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网数据库和万方数据库,检索年限均从建库至2018年5月。搜集EPO治疗急性颅脑损伤的临床随机对照试验,试验组采用EPO治疗,对照组采用安慰剂或空白对照。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果纳入7项临床随机对照研究,共计1101例,试验组564例,对照组537例。meta分析显示:EPO显著降低病死率(RR=0.69;95%CI 0.51~0.94;P=0.02),不能改善神经功能(RR=1.28;95%CI 0.90~1.81;P=0.17),不增加深静脉血栓形成发生率(RR=1.00;95%CI=0.74~1.35;P=0.99)。结论EPO治疗急性颅脑损伤可以降低死亡率,无明显严重的不良反应,但不能改善神经功能。展开更多
Over the past decade,the quantitative recognition of the significance of dietary exposure in the overall bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic animals has been an area of major progress in metal ecotoxicology.In severa...Over the past decade,the quantitative recognition of the significance of dietary exposure in the overall bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic animals has been an area of major progress in metal ecotoxicology.In several major groups of marine animals such as predators and deposit-feeding animals,diet(food) is the predominant source for metal accumulation.The importance of trophic transfer raises very fundamental questions about its toxicity to aquatic animals and in setting water quality standards which go beyond waterborne metal exposure.Ten years of research on the dietary toxicity of metals in several groups of aquatic animals,including zooplankton and fish,is reviewed.It is suggested the future studies should attempt to incorporate the dosage rate or the dietary influx rate in the design of toxicology experiments to facilitate inter-comparison of the results of different studies.展开更多
Metal pollution has been a major environmental problem in China with the increasing industrialization.The prediction of metal toxicity is extremely challenging due to the complex metal handling and sequestration strat...Metal pollution has been a major environmental problem in China with the increasing industrialization.The prediction of metal toxicity is extremely challenging due to the complex metal handling and sequestration strategies of different aquatic organisms.In this review,the recent progress made in this area is discussed.In particular,the subcellular partitioning model which has gained recognition in recent years is highlighted.The subcellular partitioning model appears to be dependable for predicting the toxicity in unicellular phytoplankton.It is important to understand the differential ways that metals bind to different subcellular pools and their ecotoxicological significance in aquatic organisms under different exposure regimes.It is also critical to appreciate that every metal is unique to each aquatic species.Despite the huge progress made over the past 30 years,much remains to be done to fully understand metal toxicity in aquatic organisms.展开更多
文摘目的系统评价促红细胞生成素(EPO)治疗急性颅脑损伤的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Li brary、Clinical Trials、Web of Science、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网数据库和万方数据库,检索年限均从建库至2018年5月。搜集EPO治疗急性颅脑损伤的临床随机对照试验,试验组采用EPO治疗,对照组采用安慰剂或空白对照。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果纳入7项临床随机对照研究,共计1101例,试验组564例,对照组537例。meta分析显示:EPO显著降低病死率(RR=0.69;95%CI 0.51~0.94;P=0.02),不能改善神经功能(RR=1.28;95%CI 0.90~1.81;P=0.17),不增加深静脉血栓形成发生率(RR=1.00;95%CI=0.74~1.35;P=0.99)。结论EPO治疗急性颅脑损伤可以降低死亡率,无明显严重的不良反应,但不能改善神经功能。
基金supported by Hong Kong’s Research Grants Council (662610 and 663009)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT0941)
文摘Over the past decade,the quantitative recognition of the significance of dietary exposure in the overall bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic animals has been an area of major progress in metal ecotoxicology.In several major groups of marine animals such as predators and deposit-feeding animals,diet(food) is the predominant source for metal accumulation.The importance of trophic transfer raises very fundamental questions about its toxicity to aquatic animals and in setting water quality standards which go beyond waterborne metal exposure.Ten years of research on the dietary toxicity of metals in several groups of aquatic animals,including zooplankton and fish,is reviewed.It is suggested the future studies should attempt to incorporate the dosage rate or the dietary influx rate in the design of toxicology experiments to facilitate inter-comparison of the results of different studies.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(662610 and 663009)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0941)
文摘Metal pollution has been a major environmental problem in China with the increasing industrialization.The prediction of metal toxicity is extremely challenging due to the complex metal handling and sequestration strategies of different aquatic organisms.In this review,the recent progress made in this area is discussed.In particular,the subcellular partitioning model which has gained recognition in recent years is highlighted.The subcellular partitioning model appears to be dependable for predicting the toxicity in unicellular phytoplankton.It is important to understand the differential ways that metals bind to different subcellular pools and their ecotoxicological significance in aquatic organisms under different exposure regimes.It is also critical to appreciate that every metal is unique to each aquatic species.Despite the huge progress made over the past 30 years,much remains to be done to fully understand metal toxicity in aquatic organisms.
