【目的】针对当前夏玉米生产中灌溉水资源不足和施氮过量的问题,本研究拟通过分析比较节水减氮模式与常规水氮模式对夏玉米生长和产量的调控效应,为开发夏玉米水肥减量增效的生产模式提供依据。【方法】于2018—2019年在陕西杨凌开展水...【目的】针对当前夏玉米生产中灌溉水资源不足和施氮过量的问题,本研究拟通过分析比较节水减氮模式与常规水氮模式对夏玉米生长和产量的调控效应,为开发夏玉米水肥减量增效的生产模式提供依据。【方法】于2018—2019年在陕西杨凌开展水氮二因素田间试验。灌溉设常规灌溉(800 m^(3)·hm^(-2))、减量灌溉(400 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和不灌溉(0)3个处理;施氮设常规施氮(300 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施25%(225 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施50%(150 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施75%(75 kg N·hm^(-2))和不施氮肥(0)5个处理,分析夏玉米产量、光合特性以及干物质(氮素)积累和转运特性。【结果】(1)减量灌溉、减氮25%的节水减氮模式较常规水氮模式对产量及产量构成因素无显著影响。(2)与常规水氮模式相比,减量灌溉、减氮25%对夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)无显著影响,也能加快花前LAI上升速度且花后LAI下降缓慢;显著提高抽雄期穗位叶净光合速率10.0%,维持植株花后较高的穗位叶净光合速率,保证干物质生产。(3)减量灌溉和减氮25%较常规水氮模式对成熟期干物质积累量无显著影响,但干物质最大增长速率显著提高6.3%,最大增长速率出现日期显著提前0.8 d。(4)与常规水氮模式相比,减量灌溉、减氮25%处理花前干物质转运量、转运率和花前转运量对籽粒贡献率分别显著提高36.4%、40.1%和28.6%;花前氮素转运量、转运率以及转运量对籽粒的贡献率分别显著提高30.3%、22.0%和42.1%。花后干物质、氮素积累量以及对籽粒的贡献率在2种水肥模式下无差异。【结论】施氮225 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)的节水减氮模式能有效协调干物质和氮素的积累和转运,提高成熟期籽粒同化物分配比例,实现关中平原夏玉米节水减肥增效的生产目标。展开更多
Three Gracilaria species, G. chouae, G. blodgettii, G. vermiculophylla and a close relative species, Gracilari-opsis lemaneiformis which is now nominated as Gracilaria lemaneiformis, are the typically indigenous spe-c...Three Gracilaria species, G. chouae, G. blodgettii, G. vermiculophylla and a close relative species, Gracilari-opsis lemaneiformis which is now nominated as Gracilaria lemaneiformis, are the typically indigenous spe-cies which are important resources for the production of special proteins, phycobilisomes, special carbo-hydrates, and agar in China. In this study, de novo transcriptome sequencing on these four species using the next generation sequencing technology was performed for the first time. Functional annotations on assembled sequencing reads showed that the transcriptomic profiles were quite different between G. lema-neiformis and other three Gracilaria species. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression related to carbohydrate and phycobiliprotein metabolisms also showed that the expression profiles of these essential genes were different in four species. The genes encoding allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were further examined in four species and their deduced amino acid sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis to confirm that G. lemaneiformis had close relationship to genus Gracilaria, as well as that within genus Gracilaria, G. chouae had closer relationship to G. vermiculophylla rather than to G. blodgettii. The de novo transcriptome study on four species provided a valuable genomic resource for further understanding and analysis on biological and evolutionary study among marine algae.展开更多
文摘【目的】针对当前夏玉米生产中灌溉水资源不足和施氮过量的问题,本研究拟通过分析比较节水减氮模式与常规水氮模式对夏玉米生长和产量的调控效应,为开发夏玉米水肥减量增效的生产模式提供依据。【方法】于2018—2019年在陕西杨凌开展水氮二因素田间试验。灌溉设常规灌溉(800 m^(3)·hm^(-2))、减量灌溉(400 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和不灌溉(0)3个处理;施氮设常规施氮(300 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施25%(225 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施50%(150 kg N·hm^(-2))、减施75%(75 kg N·hm^(-2))和不施氮肥(0)5个处理,分析夏玉米产量、光合特性以及干物质(氮素)积累和转运特性。【结果】(1)减量灌溉、减氮25%的节水减氮模式较常规水氮模式对产量及产量构成因素无显著影响。(2)与常规水氮模式相比,减量灌溉、减氮25%对夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)无显著影响,也能加快花前LAI上升速度且花后LAI下降缓慢;显著提高抽雄期穗位叶净光合速率10.0%,维持植株花后较高的穗位叶净光合速率,保证干物质生产。(3)减量灌溉和减氮25%较常规水氮模式对成熟期干物质积累量无显著影响,但干物质最大增长速率显著提高6.3%,最大增长速率出现日期显著提前0.8 d。(4)与常规水氮模式相比,减量灌溉、减氮25%处理花前干物质转运量、转运率和花前转运量对籽粒贡献率分别显著提高36.4%、40.1%和28.6%;花前氮素转运量、转运率以及转运量对籽粒的贡献率分别显著提高30.3%、22.0%和42.1%。花后干物质、氮素积累量以及对籽粒的贡献率在2种水肥模式下无差异。【结论】施氮225 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉400 m^(3)·hm^(-2)的节水减氮模式能有效协调干物质和氮素的积累和转运,提高成熟期籽粒同化物分配比例,实现关中平原夏玉米节水减肥增效的生产目标。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31140070,31271397 and 41206116the algal transcrip-tome sequencing was supported by 1KP Project(www.onekp.com)
文摘Three Gracilaria species, G. chouae, G. blodgettii, G. vermiculophylla and a close relative species, Gracilari-opsis lemaneiformis which is now nominated as Gracilaria lemaneiformis, are the typically indigenous spe-cies which are important resources for the production of special proteins, phycobilisomes, special carbo-hydrates, and agar in China. In this study, de novo transcriptome sequencing on these four species using the next generation sequencing technology was performed for the first time. Functional annotations on assembled sequencing reads showed that the transcriptomic profiles were quite different between G. lema-neiformis and other three Gracilaria species. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression related to carbohydrate and phycobiliprotein metabolisms also showed that the expression profiles of these essential genes were different in four species. The genes encoding allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were further examined in four species and their deduced amino acid sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis to confirm that G. lemaneiformis had close relationship to genus Gracilaria, as well as that within genus Gracilaria, G. chouae had closer relationship to G. vermiculophylla rather than to G. blodgettii. The de novo transcriptome study on four species provided a valuable genomic resource for further understanding and analysis on biological and evolutionary study among marine algae.
