Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible ...Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible promoter of OsNAR2.1 and an ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice plants.Under field condition of 120 kg/hm2 N,agronomic N use efficiency,N recovery efficiency and N transport efficiency,and grain yield of the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines were increased compared with those of the wild type(WT)and the pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants.Under 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions of hydroponic culture,compared with the WT,both biomass and total N content were increased in the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines.However,biomass was significantly reduced in pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants under 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)condition.The lines expressing pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 exhibited increased OsAMT1.1 expression and 15NH_(4)^(+)influx in roots under both 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions.Our study showed that expression of OsAMT1.1 can be promoted when driven by the OsNAR2.1 promoter,especially under high-level nitrate condition,leading to enhancement of NH_(4)^(+)uptake,N use efficiency and grain yield.展开更多
糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重...糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重要作用。蛋白质组学质谱技术可在多肽水平上对复杂、低丰度蛋白质糖基化修饰的化学组成与位点信息进行鉴定。非变性质谱技术(native mass spectrometry,nMS)则直接在完整蛋白水平上揭示聚糖异质性及其对蛋白高级结构和相互作用的调控效应。作为结构质谱的代表性技术,基于离子淌度的nMS受益于离子淌度仪的构象分辨能力和构象去折叠功能,能够在非变性质谱的基础上提供离子的三维动态结构信息,为异构体结构快速鉴定提供不可替代的解决方案。本文重点介绍了两种新兴离子淌度质谱技术,即非变性动态构象分辨质谱技术和糖型分辨结构质谱技术,并以3种常见蛋白体系为例,介绍其在糖蛋白构象研究领域的最新进展。展开更多
The identification of loci and markers associated with milled grain appearance traits is essential for breeding high-yielding and good-quality rice variety.To detect stable loci for these characteristics,grain length(...The identification of loci and markers associated with milled grain appearance traits is essential for breeding high-yielding and good-quality rice variety.To detect stable loci for these characteristics,grain length(GL),grain width(GW),grain length/width(GLW),chalkiness degree(CD),chalky-grain rate(CR)and translucency degree(TD)of 378 rice lines were evaluated in three seasons.These lines were derived from a multi-parent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC)population.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32061143039)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grant No.2022A1515012381)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(Grant No.JCYJ20210324124409027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University,China.
文摘Nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))are two main inorganic nitrogen(N)sources during crop growth.Here,we enhanced the expression of OsAMT1.1,which encodes a NH_(4)^(+)transporter,using the NO_(3)^(-)-inducible promoter of OsNAR2.1 and an ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice plants.Under field condition of 120 kg/hm2 N,agronomic N use efficiency,N recovery efficiency and N transport efficiency,and grain yield of the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines were increased compared with those of the wild type(WT)and the pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants.Under 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions of hydroponic culture,compared with the WT,both biomass and total N content were increased in the pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 transgenic lines.However,biomass was significantly reduced in pUbi:OsAMT1.1 transgenic plants under 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)condition.The lines expressing pOsNAR2.1:OsAMT1.1 exhibited increased OsAMT1.1 expression and 15NH_(4)^(+)influx in roots under both 2.0 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+0.5 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)and 0.5 mmol/L NO_(3)^(-)+2.0 mmol/L NH_(4)^(+)conditions.Our study showed that expression of OsAMT1.1 can be promoted when driven by the OsNAR2.1 promoter,especially under high-level nitrate condition,leading to enhancement of NH_(4)^(+)uptake,N use efficiency and grain yield.
文摘糖基化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一,能够调控蛋白质的电荷态、结构及分子间相互作用等,进而影响其功能。糖基化的高度异质性导致传统的结构解析方法很难对糖蛋白进行全面表征。随着分析技术的发展,质谱在糖蛋白结构解析中发挥了重要作用。蛋白质组学质谱技术可在多肽水平上对复杂、低丰度蛋白质糖基化修饰的化学组成与位点信息进行鉴定。非变性质谱技术(native mass spectrometry,nMS)则直接在完整蛋白水平上揭示聚糖异质性及其对蛋白高级结构和相互作用的调控效应。作为结构质谱的代表性技术,基于离子淌度的nMS受益于离子淌度仪的构象分辨能力和构象去折叠功能,能够在非变性质谱的基础上提供离子的三维动态结构信息,为异构体结构快速鉴定提供不可替代的解决方案。本文重点介绍了两种新兴离子淌度质谱技术,即非变性动态构象分辨质谱技术和糖型分辨结构质谱技术,并以3种常见蛋白体系为例,介绍其在糖蛋白构象研究领域的最新进展。
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-01)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2020QNRC001)Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Scientific and Technological Innovation Project,China(Grant No.2017JC10)。
文摘The identification of loci and markers associated with milled grain appearance traits is essential for breeding high-yielding and good-quality rice variety.To detect stable loci for these characteristics,grain length(GL),grain width(GW),grain length/width(GLW),chalkiness degree(CD),chalky-grain rate(CR)and translucency degree(TD)of 378 rice lines were evaluated in three seasons.These lines were derived from a multi-parent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC)population.
