杉木是我国南方重要的速生用材树种,同时南方面临着日益增强的大气氮沉降。尽管有大量的研究探索了氮沉降对杉木林的影响,但关于氮沉降对杉木与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)共生关系影响的研究则较少报道。以10年生...杉木是我国南方重要的速生用材树种,同时南方面临着日益增强的大气氮沉降。尽管有大量的研究探索了氮沉降对杉木林的影响,但关于氮沉降对杉木与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)共生关系影响的研究则较少报道。以10年生杉木为研究对象,模拟了不同氮沉降水平(N3:3 g N m^(-2)a^(-1),N6:6 g N m^(-2)a^(-1)和Control:0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))对AMF侵染率和球囊霉素的影响。结果显示:在冬季,与对照相比,N3处理显著增加了AMF侵染率,N6处理显著增加易提取球囊霉素的含量,而氮沉降对总球囊霉素含量无显著影响。在春季,与对照相比,N3处理显著增加AMF侵染率,但是显著降低了易提取球囊霉素的含量。N6处理显著增加总球囊霉素的含量,但显著降低易提取球囊霉素的含量。相同氮添加情况下,春季的AMF侵染率显著低于冬季,而球囊霉素含量(易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素)均显著高于冬季的。土壤有效磷与AMF侵染率显著负相关,而与易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素含量显著正相关。侵染率与pH显著正相关,球囊霉素与pH显著负相关。本实验针对AMF侵染率和球囊霉素的含量对于氮沉降的响应做出探讨,对全面了解杉木与AMF之间的共生关系对氮沉降的响应及其机制提供了新的参考。展开更多
Quantum measurement is a fundamental problem in quantum control theory and experiments.It can obtain unknown information of quantum systems,and can also change state of the systems inevitably.Both the outcome and back...Quantum measurement is a fundamental problem in quantum control theory and experiments.It can obtain unknown information of quantum systems,and can also change state of the systems inevitably.Both the outcome and back action could be used to control quantum systems.This paper presents recent research progress about optimal control of state transformation in finite-dimensional quantum systems by back action of non-selective quantum measurement,and optimal control of signal and background of CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy) by phase shaping technique.In measurement sequence control of finite-dimensional quantum systems,the necessary condition for critical points of the underlying state transformation objective is found to be a highly symmetric form as a chain of equalities,and analytical and numerical solutions in several cases are explored.In the CARS control,it is found that the maximal resonant signal and minimal background at a specific frequency can be achieved by shaping the probe pulse only while keeping pump and Stokes pulses in transform limited forms (TLFs).An arctan-type phase function is obtained for the probe pulse to simultaneously enhance the resonant signal and suppress the background.For broadband background elimination,we find that the optimal phase shaping scheme of probe pulse is quasi-time-delay while keeping the pump and Stokes pulses in TLFs.These conclusions could help design control strategies of quantum devices.展开更多
文摘杉木是我国南方重要的速生用材树种,同时南方面临着日益增强的大气氮沉降。尽管有大量的研究探索了氮沉降对杉木林的影响,但关于氮沉降对杉木与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)共生关系影响的研究则较少报道。以10年生杉木为研究对象,模拟了不同氮沉降水平(N3:3 g N m^(-2)a^(-1),N6:6 g N m^(-2)a^(-1)和Control:0 g N m^(-2)a^(-1))对AMF侵染率和球囊霉素的影响。结果显示:在冬季,与对照相比,N3处理显著增加了AMF侵染率,N6处理显著增加易提取球囊霉素的含量,而氮沉降对总球囊霉素含量无显著影响。在春季,与对照相比,N3处理显著增加AMF侵染率,但是显著降低了易提取球囊霉素的含量。N6处理显著增加总球囊霉素的含量,但显著降低易提取球囊霉素的含量。相同氮添加情况下,春季的AMF侵染率显著低于冬季,而球囊霉素含量(易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素)均显著高于冬季的。土壤有效磷与AMF侵染率显著负相关,而与易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素含量显著正相关。侵染率与pH显著正相关,球囊霉素与pH显著负相关。本实验针对AMF侵染率和球囊霉素的含量对于氮沉降的响应做出探讨,对全面了解杉木与AMF之间的共生关系对氮沉降的响应及其机制提供了新的参考。
基金Gao was supported by Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Robotics(RLO201011)Shuang would acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61074052and61072032)+1 种基金Foundation of the President of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science CASOpen Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy
文摘Quantum measurement is a fundamental problem in quantum control theory and experiments.It can obtain unknown information of quantum systems,and can also change state of the systems inevitably.Both the outcome and back action could be used to control quantum systems.This paper presents recent research progress about optimal control of state transformation in finite-dimensional quantum systems by back action of non-selective quantum measurement,and optimal control of signal and background of CARS (coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy) by phase shaping technique.In measurement sequence control of finite-dimensional quantum systems,the necessary condition for critical points of the underlying state transformation objective is found to be a highly symmetric form as a chain of equalities,and analytical and numerical solutions in several cases are explored.In the CARS control,it is found that the maximal resonant signal and minimal background at a specific frequency can be achieved by shaping the probe pulse only while keeping pump and Stokes pulses in transform limited forms (TLFs).An arctan-type phase function is obtained for the probe pulse to simultaneously enhance the resonant signal and suppress the background.For broadband background elimination,we find that the optimal phase shaping scheme of probe pulse is quasi-time-delay while keeping the pump and Stokes pulses in TLFs.These conclusions could help design control strategies of quantum devices.
