基于虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制的并网逆变器可以对电网的频率和电压起到一定的支撑作用.但是,仅由光伏供电的逆变器难以模拟同步发电机的特性.本文提出一种具有同步发电机特性的储能型光伏并网发电系统,...基于虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制的并网逆变器可以对电网的频率和电压起到一定的支撑作用.但是,仅由光伏供电的逆变器难以模拟同步发电机的特性.本文提出一种具有同步发电机特性的储能型光伏并网发电系统,并给出了相应的VSG控制策略、DC–DC控制策略以及协调控制方法;建立了系统的小信号模型,分析了参数取值对动态性能和稳定性的影响.仿真结果不但表明该系统具有同步发电机特性,可实现光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和储能的充放电控制;而且验证了理论分析的正确性.展开更多
A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented.A micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirr...A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented.A micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirror reflection.Tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS) are used to recover the target absorption line profile which is compared with the theoretical Voigt profile.The target gas is 0.01% acetylene(C2H2) in a nitrogen host gas.The laser diode wavelength is swept across the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1 535.4 nm by a current ramp,and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier(EDFA) is used to enhance the optical intensity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).A SNR of about 35 is obtained with 100 mW laser power from the EDFA.Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line profile.展开更多
为探明施用生物炭对东北黑土基础理化性质的影响,研究基于黑龙江地区的6年定位试验,测定了试验土壤的基础理化性质。试验共设4个处理:CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、B2.25(氮磷钾肥+2250 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)生物炭)、B4.5(氮磷钾肥+4500kg hm^(-2) a^...为探明施用生物炭对东北黑土基础理化性质的影响,研究基于黑龙江地区的6年定位试验,测定了试验土壤的基础理化性质。试验共设4个处理:CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、B2.25(氮磷钾肥+2250 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)生物炭)、B4.5(氮磷钾肥+4500kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)生物炭)和SR(氮磷钾肥+每两年10500 kg hm^(-2)玉米秸秆),3次重复,随机区组排列。结果表明:生物炭能降低黑土0~10 cm土壤容重并提高0~10 cm土壤含水量,显著提高0~20 cm黑土的pH、电导率和阳离子交换量,以及土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。生物炭尤其对黑土有效磷和有机质含量的提升幅度最大,且均随着生物炭施用量的增加而显著增加,其中B4.5处理的有效磷和有机质含量分别比CK提高了53.0%和39.0%。总体来看,施用生物炭能提高耕层黑土的有效肥力,且能缓解东北黑土有机质含量的下降趋势。展开更多
文摘基于虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)控制的并网逆变器可以对电网的频率和电压起到一定的支撑作用.但是,仅由光伏供电的逆变器难以模拟同步发电机的特性.本文提出一种具有同步发电机特性的储能型光伏并网发电系统,并给出了相应的VSG控制策略、DC–DC控制策略以及协调控制方法;建立了系统的小信号模型,分析了参数取值对动态性能和稳定性的影响.仿真结果不但表明该系统具有同步发电机特性,可实现光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)和储能的充放电控制;而且验证了理论分析的正确性.
基金Financial support from National High Technology Research and Development Programof China(Grant No.:2007A A06Z1122007AA03Z446)
文摘A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented.A micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirror reflection.Tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS) are used to recover the target absorption line profile which is compared with the theoretical Voigt profile.The target gas is 0.01% acetylene(C2H2) in a nitrogen host gas.The laser diode wavelength is swept across the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1 535.4 nm by a current ramp,and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier(EDFA) is used to enhance the optical intensity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).A SNR of about 35 is obtained with 100 mW laser power from the EDFA.Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line profile.
文摘为探明施用生物炭对东北黑土基础理化性质的影响,研究基于黑龙江地区的6年定位试验,测定了试验土壤的基础理化性质。试验共设4个处理:CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、B2.25(氮磷钾肥+2250 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)生物炭)、B4.5(氮磷钾肥+4500kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)生物炭)和SR(氮磷钾肥+每两年10500 kg hm^(-2)玉米秸秆),3次重复,随机区组排列。结果表明:生物炭能降低黑土0~10 cm土壤容重并提高0~10 cm土壤含水量,显著提高0~20 cm黑土的pH、电导率和阳离子交换量,以及土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。生物炭尤其对黑土有效磷和有机质含量的提升幅度最大,且均随着生物炭施用量的增加而显著增加,其中B4.5处理的有效磷和有机质含量分别比CK提高了53.0%和39.0%。总体来看,施用生物炭能提高耕层黑土的有效肥力,且能缓解东北黑土有机质含量的下降趋势。