[目的]本文旨在分析播栽温度对水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育性(wild abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS-WA)的影响,为不育系选育、提纯、繁殖和制种提供理论依据。[方法]设置16.8、21.2、24.5、27.3、30.1℃5个播栽温度,在自...[目的]本文旨在分析播栽温度对水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育性(wild abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS-WA)的影响,为不育系选育、提纯、繁殖和制种提供理论依据。[方法]设置16.8、21.2、24.5、27.3、30.1℃5个播栽温度,在自然温度梯度压力下,选择3个不同微效恢复基因数量的野败型(wild abortion type,WA)不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A和京福1A,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为指标进行对比研究,应用回归模型和主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI),分析不育系花粉育性的变化动态。[结果]随着播栽期的推迟,不育系播始历期缩短,生育进程加快,有效积温总体呈先升后降趋势,表现感温性。播栽温度在20.1~30.1℃时能提高不育系黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率,呈正效应。随着播栽温度的上升,3个不育系的黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率总体上均表现上升趋势,龙特浦A响应极显著,京福1A和珍汕97A表现不显著。珍汕97A花粉育性平均值较低,黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率分别为1.398%和5.628%,其基因型互作效应主成分轴(interaction principal component axis,ICPA1)值分别为-1.632和-1.512,表明其不育性稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度敏感度低;龙特浦A和京福1A花粉育性平均值较高,二者的黑染花粉率分别为9.836%和7.580%,嵌合颖花率分别为14.788%和11.810%,黑染花粉率基因型IPCA1数值分别为1.114和0.518,嵌合颖花率基因型IPCA1数值分别为0.133和1.379,表明其不育性较不稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度变化相对敏感。[结论]根据温度对不育系育性影响的变化规律,对于温度敏感型的不育系,宜采取早繁早制的措施,保证种子纯度。在不育系选育和遗传提纯上,应在微效恢复基因高效表达的温度条件下进行,可及早剔除不合格单株或株系,以获得不育性较稳定后代。展开更多
To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and h...To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis performance, 16 parental lines with extensive genetic variation were selected from various sub-groups, and 39 hybrid combinations were generated and evaluated in Fujian and Hainan Provinces of China. The main results were as follows: (1) The 16 parental lines can be grouped into 7 sub-groups consisting of 1 maintainer sub-group and 6 restorer sub-groups; (2) Mean grain yield of the restorer lines was higher than that of the maintainer lines, and mean yield of parental lines was higher than that of the hybrid combinations; (3) The two best heterotic patterns were II-32A × G5 and II-32A × G6, moreover, the order of restorer sub-groups according to grain yield, from the highest to lowest, was G7, G6, G5, G4, G3 and G2; High specific combining ability values were observed for combinations of II-32A × G5, II-32A × G6 and Tianfeng A × G7; (4) Hybrid combinations derived from II-32A crossed with 13 restorer lines had higher yield trait values (mid-parent heterosis, better-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check and specific combining ability) than any other combinations; (5) Genetic distance was positively correlated with panicle number, grain length and length-to-width ratio (P 〈 0.05) and negatively correlated with grain width, grain yield, seed-setting rate, as well as mid-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check, and specific combining ability for grain yield (P 〈 0.01). These heterotic groups and patterns and their argonomic traits will provide useful information for future hybrid rice breeding programs.展开更多
Induced pluripotent cell mass plays a role in genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. Mature seeds are more recalcitrant to the induction of suitable calli than immature embryos in rice, but the exact molecu...Induced pluripotent cell mass plays a role in genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. Mature seeds are more recalcitrant to the induction of suitable calli than immature embryos in rice, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, the morphological structure of calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos were observed under a scanning electron microscope using a paraffin embedded technique. Meanwhile, a total of 2 173 up- and down-regulated genes were identified in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos by RNA-seq technique and furtherly confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed the remarkable morphological differences in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos, and plant hormone signal transduction and hormone biosynthesis pathways, such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic-isoleucine, were found to play roles in somatic embryogenesis. This study provided comprehensive gene expression sets for mature seeds and immature embryos that were served as an important platform resource for further functional studies in plant embryogenesis.展开更多
文摘[目的]本文旨在分析播栽温度对水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育性(wild abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS-WA)的影响,为不育系选育、提纯、繁殖和制种提供理论依据。[方法]设置16.8、21.2、24.5、27.3、30.1℃5个播栽温度,在自然温度梯度压力下,选择3个不同微效恢复基因数量的野败型(wild abortion type,WA)不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A和京福1A,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为指标进行对比研究,应用回归模型和主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI),分析不育系花粉育性的变化动态。[结果]随着播栽期的推迟,不育系播始历期缩短,生育进程加快,有效积温总体呈先升后降趋势,表现感温性。播栽温度在20.1~30.1℃时能提高不育系黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率,呈正效应。随着播栽温度的上升,3个不育系的黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率总体上均表现上升趋势,龙特浦A响应极显著,京福1A和珍汕97A表现不显著。珍汕97A花粉育性平均值较低,黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率分别为1.398%和5.628%,其基因型互作效应主成分轴(interaction principal component axis,ICPA1)值分别为-1.632和-1.512,表明其不育性稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度敏感度低;龙特浦A和京福1A花粉育性平均值较高,二者的黑染花粉率分别为9.836%和7.580%,嵌合颖花率分别为14.788%和11.810%,黑染花粉率基因型IPCA1数值分别为1.114和0.518,嵌合颖花率基因型IPCA1数值分别为0.133和1.379,表明其不育性较不稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度变化相对敏感。[结论]根据温度对不育系育性影响的变化规律,对于温度敏感型的不育系,宜采取早繁早制的措施,保证种子纯度。在不育系选育和遗传提纯上,应在微效恢复基因高效表达的温度条件下进行,可及早剔除不合格单株或株系,以获得不育性较稳定后代。
基金supported by grants from the Hi-Tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(Grant Nos.2014AA10A603 and 2014AA10A604)the Special Foundation of Non-Profit Research Institutes of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2015R1021-8)
文摘To compare the heterosis levels among various groups of parental lines used extensively in China, identify foundational heterotic groups in parental pools and understand the relationship between genetic distance and heterosis performance, 16 parental lines with extensive genetic variation were selected from various sub-groups, and 39 hybrid combinations were generated and evaluated in Fujian and Hainan Provinces of China. The main results were as follows: (1) The 16 parental lines can be grouped into 7 sub-groups consisting of 1 maintainer sub-group and 6 restorer sub-groups; (2) Mean grain yield of the restorer lines was higher than that of the maintainer lines, and mean yield of parental lines was higher than that of the hybrid combinations; (3) The two best heterotic patterns were II-32A × G5 and II-32A × G6, moreover, the order of restorer sub-groups according to grain yield, from the highest to lowest, was G7, G6, G5, G4, G3 and G2; High specific combining ability values were observed for combinations of II-32A × G5, II-32A × G6 and Tianfeng A × G7; (4) Hybrid combinations derived from II-32A crossed with 13 restorer lines had higher yield trait values (mid-parent heterosis, better-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check and specific combining ability) than any other combinations; (5) Genetic distance was positively correlated with panicle number, grain length and length-to-width ratio (P 〈 0.05) and negatively correlated with grain width, grain yield, seed-setting rate, as well as mid-parent heterosis, standard heterosis over check, and specific combining ability for grain yield (P 〈 0.01). These heterotic groups and patterns and their argonomic traits will provide useful information for future hybrid rice breeding programs.
基金supported by grants from the Hi-tech Research and Development(863)Program of China(Grant Nos.2014AA10A603 and 2014AA10A604)the National Major Projects of Cultivated Transgenic New Crop Varieties Foundation of China(Grant Nos.2016ZX001006 and 2016ZX08001004)the Special Foundation of Non-Profit Research Institutes of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2015R1021-7)
文摘Induced pluripotent cell mass plays a role in genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. Mature seeds are more recalcitrant to the induction of suitable calli than immature embryos in rice, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, the morphological structure of calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos were observed under a scanning electron microscope using a paraffin embedded technique. Meanwhile, a total of 2 173 up- and down-regulated genes were identified in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos by RNA-seq technique and furtherly confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed the remarkable morphological differences in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos, and plant hormone signal transduction and hormone biosynthesis pathways, such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic-isoleucine, were found to play roles in somatic embryogenesis. This study provided comprehensive gene expression sets for mature seeds and immature embryos that were served as an important platform resource for further functional studies in plant embryogenesis.