In this research,the tire deformations due to rotation are divided into three parts:tread,belt and carcass.Tread deformation is obtained by using a rotating hollow cylinder model,belt expansion is calculated according...In this research,the tire deformations due to rotation are divided into three parts:tread,belt and carcass.Tread deformation is obtained by using a rotating hollow cylinder model,belt expansion is calculated according to the laminated composite shell theory,and a formula of dynamic equilibrium profile is built to investigate carcass deformation.Moreover,a simple method is used to predict the footprint changes caused by tire deformation.Results show that a large deformation is occurring at tire shoulder,a smaller one at tread centre,and the shoulder deformations are mostly caused by carcass.Length of footprint side edges increase with tire rolling speed increasing.The predicted tread,belt,carcass deformations and footprint changes are in good agreement with finite element analysis results.The proposed method and the results will offer a helpful guidance to tire and vehicle engineers.展开更多
New equations are proposed to describe the shapes and sizes of the contact areas between tire and ground(the contact areas)under the conditions of static load,slip,camber,and rolling.The equations are super ellipse an...New equations are proposed to describe the shapes and sizes of the contact areas between tire and ground(the contact areas)under the conditions of static load,slip,camber,and rolling.The equations are super ellipse and trigonometric function with four parameters.Results indicate that the contact areas under the conditions of static load,slip,camber can be well described by super ellipse,in the most complicated case,fourteen parameters are used.The rolling contact area can be reconstructed by the trigonometric function completely.Symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes can both be described perfectly.The suggested curves will make calculate size of the areas easily.The described shapes and sizes are in good agreement with the measured,the maximum deviation is only 2.88%.This work will provide an instrument for understanding the contact area and be helpful for analyzing tire and road.展开更多
Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in the field of monitoring, owing to their inherent safety and the fact that they are embedded at the material level. Capacitive pressure sensors have been proven to be...Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in the field of monitoring, owing to their inherent safety and the fact that they are embedded at the material level. Capacitive pressure sensors have been proven to be quite versatile, with the ability to change the sensitivity and monitoring range by modifying the pore structure of the dielectric layer(elastic modulus). In this paper, capacitive pressure sensors are devised, comprising hierarchical porous polydimethylsiloxane. Due to the inherent hollow and hierarchical micropore structure, the capacitive pressure sensor allows operation at a wider pressure range(~1000 kPa) while maintaining sensitivity(6.33 MPa-1) in the range of 0–300 k Pa. Subsequently, the capacitance output model of the sensor is optimized, which provides an overall approximation of the experimental values for the sensor performance. Additionally, the signal response of the“break up the whole into parts”(by analysis of the whole sensor in parts) is simulated and outputted by the finite element analysis. The simplified analysis model provides a good understanding of the relationship between the local pressure and the signal response of the pressure sensor. For practical applications, seal monitoring and rubber wheel pressure array system are tested, and the proposed sensor shows sufficient potential for application in large deformation elastomer products.展开更多
丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌为植物专性共生真菌,可与大多数陆生植物共生,在植物养分吸收、抵御不良环境、维持生态平衡和植物多样性等方面具有重要作用。为了解AM真菌研究发展现状,本文运用CiteSpace软件,对1990–2020年W...丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌为植物专性共生真菌,可与大多数陆生植物共生,在植物养分吸收、抵御不良环境、维持生态平衡和植物多样性等方面具有重要作用。为了解AM真菌研究发展现状,本文运用CiteSpace软件,对1990–2020年Web of Science和CNKI数据库中的关键词、文献所属国家、机构、期刊、核心文献与作者进行可视化分析。结果表明,该领域发文量不断增长,其中美国发文量和中心度最高,中国发文量位居第二。国际研究机构中,西班牙高等学术研究委员会中心度最高,中国科学院发文量最高。通过对核心文献共被引和关键词突现及聚类分析发现,AM真菌研究领域不断拓展,研究深度不断增加。20世纪90年代开始,以新种描述、分类系统不断完善及培养技术改进为主;在各地菌种资源库逐步建立后,接种实验及效果评价相关研究逐渐增加;近年来环境变化的加剧使得重金属、干旱与盐胁迫以及植物修复等成为突现词。AM真菌共生的分子机理及与其他微生物的相互作用机制也成为当前研究热点。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Founda tion of China Project(51790502)Open Grant of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(JCKYS2019603C016)。
文摘In this research,the tire deformations due to rotation are divided into three parts:tread,belt and carcass.Tread deformation is obtained by using a rotating hollow cylinder model,belt expansion is calculated according to the laminated composite shell theory,and a formula of dynamic equilibrium profile is built to investigate carcass deformation.Moreover,a simple method is used to predict the footprint changes caused by tire deformation.Results show that a large deformation is occurring at tire shoulder,a smaller one at tread centre,and the shoulder deformations are mostly caused by carcass.Length of footprint side edges increase with tire rolling speed increasing.The predicted tread,belt,carcass deformations and footprint changes are in good agreement with finite element analysis results.The proposed method and the results will offer a helpful guidance to tire and vehicle engineers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(51790502),Open Grant of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(JCKYS2019603C016)。
文摘New equations are proposed to describe the shapes and sizes of the contact areas between tire and ground(the contact areas)under the conditions of static load,slip,camber,and rolling.The equations are super ellipse and trigonometric function with four parameters.Results indicate that the contact areas under the conditions of static load,slip,camber can be well described by super ellipse,in the most complicated case,fourteen parameters are used.The rolling contact area can be reconstructed by the trigonometric function completely.Symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes can both be described perfectly.The suggested curves will make calculate size of the areas easily.The described shapes and sizes are in good agreement with the measured,the maximum deviation is only 2.88%.This work will provide an instrument for understanding the contact area and be helpful for analyzing tire and road.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075119)。
文摘Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in the field of monitoring, owing to their inherent safety and the fact that they are embedded at the material level. Capacitive pressure sensors have been proven to be quite versatile, with the ability to change the sensitivity and monitoring range by modifying the pore structure of the dielectric layer(elastic modulus). In this paper, capacitive pressure sensors are devised, comprising hierarchical porous polydimethylsiloxane. Due to the inherent hollow and hierarchical micropore structure, the capacitive pressure sensor allows operation at a wider pressure range(~1000 kPa) while maintaining sensitivity(6.33 MPa-1) in the range of 0–300 k Pa. Subsequently, the capacitance output model of the sensor is optimized, which provides an overall approximation of the experimental values for the sensor performance. Additionally, the signal response of the“break up the whole into parts”(by analysis of the whole sensor in parts) is simulated and outputted by the finite element analysis. The simplified analysis model provides a good understanding of the relationship between the local pressure and the signal response of the pressure sensor. For practical applications, seal monitoring and rubber wheel pressure array system are tested, and the proposed sensor shows sufficient potential for application in large deformation elastomer products.
文摘丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌为植物专性共生真菌,可与大多数陆生植物共生,在植物养分吸收、抵御不良环境、维持生态平衡和植物多样性等方面具有重要作用。为了解AM真菌研究发展现状,本文运用CiteSpace软件,对1990–2020年Web of Science和CNKI数据库中的关键词、文献所属国家、机构、期刊、核心文献与作者进行可视化分析。结果表明,该领域发文量不断增长,其中美国发文量和中心度最高,中国发文量位居第二。国际研究机构中,西班牙高等学术研究委员会中心度最高,中国科学院发文量最高。通过对核心文献共被引和关键词突现及聚类分析发现,AM真菌研究领域不断拓展,研究深度不断增加。20世纪90年代开始,以新种描述、分类系统不断完善及培养技术改进为主;在各地菌种资源库逐步建立后,接种实验及效果评价相关研究逐渐增加;近年来环境变化的加剧使得重金属、干旱与盐胁迫以及植物修复等成为突现词。AM真菌共生的分子机理及与其他微生物的相互作用机制也成为当前研究热点。
