Orebody-rendering techniques are developed using the marching cubes (MC) algorithm. The shape of an orebody is viv- idly displayed in real time and can be used to guide mining design as well. The MC algorithm has been...Orebody-rendering techniques are developed using the marching cubes (MC) algorithm. The shape of an orebody is viv- idly displayed in real time and can be used to guide mining design as well. The MC algorithm has been improved in two aspects. By analyzing the principles of the MC algorithm, as well as the features of the specific application, improvements were developed to: eliminate ambiguities by using a unified isosurface constructing method in the voxels, and improve the operating efficiency of the MC algorithm by incorporating an octree structure. The analytical results of the examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.展开更多
Background Alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis （E. multilocularis） and is a rare but life-threatening disease. This disease commonly is characterized by a...Background Alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis （E. multilocularis） and is a rare but life-threatening disease. This disease commonly is characterized by an infiltrative, tumor-like growth of the E. multilocularis metacestode in the liver of human. Liver transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage of hepatic AE, but the characteristics of host immunity associated with E. multilocularis infection with organ transplantation are poorly defined. We hereby aimed to study the immunological status and allograft heart survival in inbred rats with E. multilocularis infection. Methods Rat models of AE were established by injecting the E. multilocularis suspension made from E. multilocularis infected tissues into the abdomen of Lewis （LEW） rats. Three months later, in the experimental group, allograft heart transplantation was performed from Brown-Norway （BN） rats to the E. multilocularis infected LEW rats. In the control group, we transplanted hearts from BN rats to healthy LEW rats. The influence of the disturbed immune system in E. multilocularis infected rats on the heart transplantation was assessed, including observation of allograft heart survival time, histopathological examination of grafts and immunohistochemical examination of infiltrating cells （CD4＋ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and eosinophile granulocytes）, measurement of interleukin （IL）-4 and interferon （IFN）-γ in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and analysis of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood by fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS） flow cytometric analysis. Results The survival time of recipients in the experimental group was prolonged compared with those in the control group. The numbers of graft infiltrating CD8＋ T cells were decreased whereas the graft infiltrating eosinophil granulocytes （CD15＋） were increased in grafts in the experimental group （P 〈0.05）. Furthermore, the proportion of CD4＋CD25＋regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood was 10.8% on average in the experimental group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group （6.1%）. In addition, the level of serum IL-4 in E. multilocularis infected rats was higher than that in the control group rats, whereas the level of serum IFN-γ in experimental group was lower than that in the control group when graft rejection occurred （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions This study suggests that E. multilocularis infection could prolong the allograft survival time through the polarization of Th1/Th2-type cells and induction of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells. This strategy may provide a new idea for establishing transplantation tolerance.展开更多
Objective： To explore the therapeutic ef- fect of osteogenically induced adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） on vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） in rabbit model. Methods： Vas...Objective： To explore the therapeutic ef- fect of osteogenically induced adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） on vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） in rabbit model. Methods： Vascular deprivation-induced ONFH was established by intramuscular injection of methylpre- dnisolone, and vascular occlusion of the capital femoral epiphysis by electrocoagulation in adult New Zealand white rabbits. Eight weeks afLer the establishment of vascular dep- rivation-induced ONFH, animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. In Group A （control）, no therapy was given. In Group B, core decompression was performed by drilling a hole （1.2 mm in diameter） from the outer cortex 2.5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter. In Group C, 1 x 107 osteogenically induced ADSCs were resus- pended in 0.5 ml PBS, and then injected directly into the femoral head. Femoral head specimens were obtained at postoperative 8 weeks. The bone formation and three-di- mensional microstructure of the femoral head was evaluated by micro-computed tomography scans （u-CT）. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression ofosteocalcin. Angiogenesis and repair of the femoral head were observed histologically. Results： In trabecular bone at the proximal femur region, the trabecular volume was higher in Group C （130.70 mm3± 4.33 mm3） than that in Groups A （101.07 mm3±7.76 mm3） and B （107.89 mm3±8.6g mm3, P〈0.01）. Bone volume was significantly increased in Group C （40.09 mm3±6.35 mm3） than in Groups A （29.65 mm3±4.61 mm3） and B （31.80 mm3± 4.01 mm3, P〈0.01）. The trabecular number was higher in Groups C （1.58±0.25） than other two groups （1.15±0.18, 1.16± 0.21, P〈0.01）. Bone mineral density showed statistically significant difference between Groups C and A or B （375.38± 23.06） mg HA/ccm, vs （313.73 ± 19.30） mg HA/ccm and （316.09± 16.45） mg HA/ccm, P〈0.01）. Histological examination indicated that there was more new bone formation in Group C than in other groups. Conclusion： Treatment with autologous osteogenically induced ADSCs transplantation results in an enhanced osteogenesis and microstructure of the vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits.展开更多
Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been r...Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been reported in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, covering approximately 87% of China＇s territories. It is most common in the pastoral and semi-pastoral western provinces and regions. This study aimed to reveal the natural history, curative effect and possible re-infection risk factors of human CE through long termed follow-up of treated and untreated CE cases in Hobukesar, Xingjiang, China.Methods Follow-up studies on CE were performed twice in Hobukesar from August 2005 to October 2008, after an initial mass screening performed in 1995 and 1996. Ultrasound scan was the primary diagnostic method.Results Among 24 patients with confirmed CE, 22 were treated （surgery in 19 and chemotherapy in three）. Two recurrent cases and one re-infection case were subsequently found during follow-up. The CE type of one of the recurrent cases reverted from CE4 to CE3, as classified using World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines.Conclusions Ultrasound was required to differentiate primary, recurrent and re-infection cases during epidemiological investigation and follow-up of CE. Most patients did not change their habits, which may be one possible cause of reinfection. One recurrent case suggested that, despite initial suggestion from the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, CE4-type cysts are not inactive.展开更多
基金Projects 20020008006 supported by the Exclusive Research Foundation for Doctoral Programs by Ministry of Education of China2006BAK04B04 by the National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science & Technology of China
文摘Orebody-rendering techniques are developed using the marching cubes (MC) algorithm. The shape of an orebody is viv- idly displayed in real time and can be used to guide mining design as well. The MC algorithm has been improved in two aspects. By analyzing the principles of the MC algorithm, as well as the features of the specific application, improvements were developed to: eliminate ambiguities by using a unified isosurface constructing method in the voxels, and improve the operating efficiency of the MC algorithm by incorporating an octree structure. The analytical results of the examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30760239 and No. 81160201）. Conflicts of interest： none.
文摘Background Alveolar echinococcosis （AE） is caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis （E. multilocularis） and is a rare but life-threatening disease. This disease commonly is characterized by an infiltrative, tumor-like growth of the E. multilocularis metacestode in the liver of human. Liver transplantation is an effective therapy for end-stage of hepatic AE, but the characteristics of host immunity associated with E. multilocularis infection with organ transplantation are poorly defined. We hereby aimed to study the immunological status and allograft heart survival in inbred rats with E. multilocularis infection. Methods Rat models of AE were established by injecting the E. multilocularis suspension made from E. multilocularis infected tissues into the abdomen of Lewis （LEW） rats. Three months later, in the experimental group, allograft heart transplantation was performed from Brown-Norway （BN） rats to the E. multilocularis infected LEW rats. In the control group, we transplanted hearts from BN rats to healthy LEW rats. The influence of the disturbed immune system in E. multilocularis infected rats on the heart transplantation was assessed, including observation of allograft heart survival time, histopathological examination of grafts and immunohistochemical examination of infiltrating cells （CD4＋ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and eosinophile granulocytes）, measurement of interleukin （IL）-4 and interferon （IFN）-γ in the serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and analysis of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood by fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS） flow cytometric analysis. Results The survival time of recipients in the experimental group was prolonged compared with those in the control group. The numbers of graft infiltrating CD8＋ T cells were decreased whereas the graft infiltrating eosinophil granulocytes （CD15＋） were increased in grafts in the experimental group （P 〈0.05）. Furthermore, the proportion of CD4＋CD25＋regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood was 10.8% on average in the experimental group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group （6.1%）. In addition, the level of serum IL-4 in E. multilocularis infected rats was higher than that in the control group rats, whereas the level of serum IFN-γ in experimental group was lower than that in the control group when graft rejection occurred （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions This study suggests that E. multilocularis infection could prolong the allograft survival time through the polarization of Th1/Th2-type cells and induction of CD4＋CD25＋ regulatory T cells. This strategy may provide a new idea for establishing transplantation tolerance.
基金This work is supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30960390） and Doctoral Innovation Fund of Xinjiang Medical University （DC2010-12）.
文摘Objective： To explore the therapeutic ef- fect of osteogenically induced adipose-derived stem cells （ADSCs） on vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） in rabbit model. Methods： Vascular deprivation-induced ONFH was established by intramuscular injection of methylpre- dnisolone, and vascular occlusion of the capital femoral epiphysis by electrocoagulation in adult New Zealand white rabbits. Eight weeks afLer the establishment of vascular dep- rivation-induced ONFH, animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. In Group A （control）, no therapy was given. In Group B, core decompression was performed by drilling a hole （1.2 mm in diameter） from the outer cortex 2.5 cm distal to the proximal end of the greater trochanter. In Group C, 1 x 107 osteogenically induced ADSCs were resus- pended in 0.5 ml PBS, and then injected directly into the femoral head. Femoral head specimens were obtained at postoperative 8 weeks. The bone formation and three-di- mensional microstructure of the femoral head was evaluated by micro-computed tomography scans （u-CT）. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect the expression ofosteocalcin. Angiogenesis and repair of the femoral head were observed histologically. Results： In trabecular bone at the proximal femur region, the trabecular volume was higher in Group C （130.70 mm3± 4.33 mm3） than that in Groups A （101.07 mm3±7.76 mm3） and B （107.89 mm3±8.6g mm3, P〈0.01）. Bone volume was significantly increased in Group C （40.09 mm3±6.35 mm3） than in Groups A （29.65 mm3±4.61 mm3） and B （31.80 mm3± 4.01 mm3, P〈0.01）. The trabecular number was higher in Groups C （1.58±0.25） than other two groups （1.15±0.18, 1.16± 0.21, P〈0.01）. Bone mineral density showed statistically significant difference between Groups C and A or B （375.38± 23.06） mg HA/ccm, vs （313.73 ± 19.30） mg HA/ccm and （316.09± 16.45） mg HA/ccm, P〈0.01）. Histological examination indicated that there was more new bone formation in Group C than in other groups. Conclusion： Treatment with autologous osteogenically induced ADSCs transplantation results in an enhanced osteogenesis and microstructure of the vascular deprivation-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30460126）.Acknowledgments： We are very thankful for the work staff at the local clinical station in Hobukesar.
文摘Background Human cystic echinococcosis （CE） is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been reported in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, covering approximately 87% of China＇s territories. It is most common in the pastoral and semi-pastoral western provinces and regions. This study aimed to reveal the natural history, curative effect and possible re-infection risk factors of human CE through long termed follow-up of treated and untreated CE cases in Hobukesar, Xingjiang, China.Methods Follow-up studies on CE were performed twice in Hobukesar from August 2005 to October 2008, after an initial mass screening performed in 1995 and 1996. Ultrasound scan was the primary diagnostic method.Results Among 24 patients with confirmed CE, 22 were treated （surgery in 19 and chemotherapy in three）. Two recurrent cases and one re-infection case were subsequently found during follow-up. The CE type of one of the recurrent cases reverted from CE4 to CE3, as classified using World Health Organization （WHO） guidelines.Conclusions Ultrasound was required to differentiate primary, recurrent and re-infection cases during epidemiological investigation and follow-up of CE. Most patients did not change their habits, which may be one possible cause of reinfection. One recurrent case suggested that, despite initial suggestion from the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, CE4-type cysts are not inactive.
