This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% a...This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa ＋ 50% HS, 100% HS, respectively. 30 rabbits [（1.42 ± 0.056） kg] were used to determine nutrient digestibility. A feeding trial was carried out using 90 weaning rabbits [35 d of age; （512±6.5） g]. Increasing content of HS in the diet did not affect digestibility of DM （dry matter）, CF （crude fiber）, CP （crude protein）, GE （gross energy）, and EE （ether extract）. But diarrhea decreased markedly （P〈0.01） compared with the diets that had no HS. ADF1 （average daily feed intake） increased by 4.3% （P 〈 0.05） and 3.6% （P 〈 0.05） when rabbits fed the diet with 100% HS of fresh forage compared with the diets containing 0 and 50% HS, respectively. Feed efficiency improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） by 2.07 and 5.30% when rabbits fed 0 and 50% HS of fresh forage, respectively, compared with 100% HS. There was no effect on ADG （average daily weight gain）. In conclusion, the mixture （50：50） of HS and alfalfa constitutes an alternative source of fiber for fattening rabbits and prevents diarrhea effectively.展开更多
Asthma＇s prevalence and mortality have been.increasing worldwide. Despite these increasessignificant advances have been made in the understanding of the immuno-modulatory mechanism of the disease.
Despite important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism （APE）,assessment of risk and appropriate management of patients remains a difficult task in clinical practice.In addition to hemo...Despite important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism （APE）,assessment of risk and appropriate management of patients remains a difficult task in clinical practice.In addition to hemodynamic instability and critically clinical condition,acute right ventricular dysfunction （RVD） is a major determinant of in-hospital outcomes.The purpose of this review is to discuss the results of these recent developments.Some outcome evaluation,clinical assessment,and therapeutic implications are also included.展开更多
The medical community should, by now, be well aware of the importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, an increasingly common condition with high morbidity and mortality. In modern terms, COPD has co...The medical community should, by now, be well aware of the importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, an increasingly common condition with high morbidity and mortality. In modern terms, COPD has come to signify concurrent chronic bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis and emphysema. Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as the predominant aetiological agent. Arterial hypoxaemia, a frequent complication of COPD, can lead to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. COPD affects over 5% of the adult population and is the only major cause of death whose morbidity and mortality are increasing in several countries. In China, it is difficult to quantify how many people are affected with COPD. However, a recent epidemiological survey indicated that COPD prevalence was 8.2% in China. COPD prevalence in men was significantly higher than in women （12.4% cf 5.1%）. The prevalence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas （8.8% cf 7.8%）. Of patients with COPD, 61.5% were smokers. The report also stated that COPD is the major cause of death in rural areas in China and the fourth leading cause of death in urban areas, rising to the third leading cause of death by 2020. The prevalence of the disease increases with age with highest rates seen in people over the age of 70 years. COPD is the only major cause of mortality with a rising incidence and prevalence worldwide, rendering it an increasingly worrisome.展开更多
Our understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） has undergone major changes in recent years. IPF is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It remains the most often diagnosed, accounting...Our understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） has undergone major changes in recent years. IPF is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It remains the most often diagnosed, accounting for 50% to 60% of all cases. It is also associated with a worse prognosis than most of the interstitial lung diseases. The number of deaths related to IPF is nearly 14 times greater than those from asbestosis, while a recent estimate has suggested prevalence in the United States ranging from 14.0 to 42.7 cases per 100 000 population, depending on the criteria used for diagnosis,展开更多
Objective This review focuses on current knowledge of specific processes that drive chronic airway inflammation which are important in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and lung c...Objective This review focuses on current knowledge of specific processes that drive chronic airway inflammation which are important in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and lung cancer. Data sources The data used in this review were obtained mainly from studies reported in the PubMed database （1997-2012） using the terms of COPD and lung cancer. Study selection Data from published articles about prevalence of COPD-lung cancer overlap and mechanism involved in lung cancer development in COPD were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results COPD prevalence, morbidity and mortality vary and are directly related to the prevalence of tobacco smoking except in developing countries where air pollution resulting from the burning of biomass fuels is also important. COPD is characterized by a chronic inflammation of lower airway and, importantly, the presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer up to 4.5 fold among long-term smokers. COPD is by far the greatest risk factor for lung cancer amongst smokers and is found in 50%-90% of patients with lung cancer. Conclusions Both COPD and lung cancer are tobacco smoking-associated chronic diseases that cluster in families and aggravate with age, and 50%-70% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer have declined spirometric evidence of COPD. Understanding and targeting common pathogenic mechanisms for lung cancer and COPD would have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with these lung diseases and for people at risk.展开更多
The number of individuals affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） has been increasing in the last decades. As a consequence, COPD is expected to become the third most frequent cause of death worldwi...The number of individuals affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） has been increasing in the last decades. As a consequence, COPD is expected to become the third most frequent cause of death worldwide by 2020.1 Exacerbations of COPD is a major cause of morbidity. In particular, they greatly contribute to decline of health-related quality of life,increase in symptoms and breathlessness, Progression of the disease, and increased risk of mortality.2展开更多
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease t（COPD） are the two commonest causes of adultairflow obstruction. The fundamental dltterences anti similarities between the pathological mechanisms of asthma and COPD...Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease t（COPD） are the two commonest causes of adultairflow obstruction. The fundamental dltterences anti similarities between the pathological mechanisms of asthma and COPD are well recognized.^1 Both asthma and COPD involve inflammation of airway, but the pattern and distribution of inflammation markedly differ between typical patients with asthma and COPD. Chronic lung disease is now the most important long-term pulmonary complication in daily practice, and is associated with prolonged hospitalization and long-term pulmonary and clinical problems.^2展开更多
Cough is the commonest symptom leading patients to consult with their doctor. What isclear is that at some stage, we all suffer from cough and at times, it is distressing and inhibits normal social activities. In a fe...Cough is the commonest symptom leading patients to consult with their doctor. What isclear is that at some stage, we all suffer from cough and at times, it is distressing and inhibits normal social activities. In a few subjects, chronic cough leads to a severe loss of quality of life.展开更多
基金Financial support was provided by Science and Technology Bureau of Shijiazhuang City,China (07150082A)China Commonweal Industry Scientific Research(Nyhyzx07040)
文摘This work was to determine which concentration of a mixture of fresh Humulus scandens （HS） and fresh alfalfa could be included in diets for rabbits. The fresh forage of three experimental diets is composed of 100% alfalfa, 50% alfalfa ＋ 50% HS, 100% HS, respectively. 30 rabbits [（1.42 ± 0.056） kg] were used to determine nutrient digestibility. A feeding trial was carried out using 90 weaning rabbits [35 d of age; （512±6.5） g]. Increasing content of HS in the diet did not affect digestibility of DM （dry matter）, CF （crude fiber）, CP （crude protein）, GE （gross energy）, and EE （ether extract）. But diarrhea decreased markedly （P〈0.01） compared with the diets that had no HS. ADF1 （average daily feed intake） increased by 4.3% （P 〈 0.05） and 3.6% （P 〈 0.05） when rabbits fed the diet with 100% HS of fresh forage compared with the diets containing 0 and 50% HS, respectively. Feed efficiency improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） by 2.07 and 5.30% when rabbits fed 0 and 50% HS of fresh forage, respectively, compared with 100% HS. There was no effect on ADG （average daily weight gain）. In conclusion, the mixture （50：50） of HS and alfalfa constitutes an alternative source of fiber for fattening rabbits and prevents diarrhea effectively.
文摘Asthma＇s prevalence and mortality have been.increasing worldwide. Despite these increasessignificant advances have been made in the understanding of the immuno-modulatory mechanism of the disease.
文摘Despite important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism （APE）,assessment of risk and appropriate management of patients remains a difficult task in clinical practice.In addition to hemodynamic instability and critically clinical condition,acute right ventricular dysfunction （RVD） is a major determinant of in-hospital outcomes.The purpose of this review is to discuss the results of these recent developments.Some outcome evaluation,clinical assessment,and therapeutic implications are also included.
基金This work was supported by a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39770340).
文摘The medical community should, by now, be well aware of the importance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）, an increasingly common condition with high morbidity and mortality. In modern terms, COPD has come to signify concurrent chronic bronchitis, asthmatic bronchitis and emphysema. Cigarette smoking has long been recognized as the predominant aetiological agent. Arterial hypoxaemia, a frequent complication of COPD, can lead to pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. COPD affects over 5% of the adult population and is the only major cause of death whose morbidity and mortality are increasing in several countries. In China, it is difficult to quantify how many people are affected with COPD. However, a recent epidemiological survey indicated that COPD prevalence was 8.2% in China. COPD prevalence in men was significantly higher than in women （12.4% cf 5.1%）. The prevalence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas （8.8% cf 7.8%）. Of patients with COPD, 61.5% were smokers. The report also stated that COPD is the major cause of death in rural areas in China and the fourth leading cause of death in urban areas, rising to the third leading cause of death by 2020. The prevalence of the disease increases with age with highest rates seen in people over the age of 70 years. COPD is the only major cause of mortality with a rising incidence and prevalence worldwide, rendering it an increasingly worrisome.
文摘Our understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） has undergone major changes in recent years. IPF is the most common of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It remains the most often diagnosed, accounting for 50% to 60% of all cases. It is also associated with a worse prognosis than most of the interstitial lung diseases. The number of deaths related to IPF is nearly 14 times greater than those from asbestosis, while a recent estimate has suggested prevalence in the United States ranging from 14.0 to 42.7 cases per 100 000 population, depending on the criteria used for diagnosis,
文摘Objective This review focuses on current knowledge of specific processes that drive chronic airway inflammation which are important in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and lung cancer. Data sources The data used in this review were obtained mainly from studies reported in the PubMed database （1997-2012） using the terms of COPD and lung cancer. Study selection Data from published articles about prevalence of COPD-lung cancer overlap and mechanism involved in lung cancer development in COPD were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results COPD prevalence, morbidity and mortality vary and are directly related to the prevalence of tobacco smoking except in developing countries where air pollution resulting from the burning of biomass fuels is also important. COPD is characterized by a chronic inflammation of lower airway and, importantly, the presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer up to 4.5 fold among long-term smokers. COPD is by far the greatest risk factor for lung cancer amongst smokers and is found in 50%-90% of patients with lung cancer. Conclusions Both COPD and lung cancer are tobacco smoking-associated chronic diseases that cluster in families and aggravate with age, and 50%-70% of patients diagnosed with lung cancer have declined spirometric evidence of COPD. Understanding and targeting common pathogenic mechanisms for lung cancer and COPD would have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with these lung diseases and for people at risk.
文摘The number of individuals affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） has been increasing in the last decades. As a consequence, COPD is expected to become the third most frequent cause of death worldwide by 2020.1 Exacerbations of COPD is a major cause of morbidity. In particular, they greatly contribute to decline of health-related quality of life,increase in symptoms and breathlessness, Progression of the disease, and increased risk of mortality.2
文摘Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease t（COPD） are the two commonest causes of adultairflow obstruction. The fundamental dltterences anti similarities between the pathological mechanisms of asthma and COPD are well recognized.^1 Both asthma and COPD involve inflammation of airway, but the pattern and distribution of inflammation markedly differ between typical patients with asthma and COPD. Chronic lung disease is now the most important long-term pulmonary complication in daily practice, and is associated with prolonged hospitalization and long-term pulmonary and clinical problems.^2
文摘Cough is the commonest symptom leading patients to consult with their doctor. What isclear is that at some stage, we all suffer from cough and at times, it is distressing and inhibits normal social activities. In a few subjects, chronic cough leads to a severe loss of quality of life.
