掺杂对单层石墨烯纳米梁振动频率的影响

石墨烯优异的力学和电学等性能,使其成为纳米机电谐振器的理想材料.通过分子动力学模拟方法研究了掺杂元素和掺杂浓度对单层石墨烯纳米梁振动特性的影响.研究结果表明,单层石墨烯纳米梁的振动频率随纳米梁长度的增加而减小,硼(B)掺杂、硼-硼(B-B)掺杂、铍(Be)掺杂和铍-铍(Be-Be)掺杂均会导致单层石墨烯纳米梁的振动频率降低.此外,随着硼(B)/铍(Be)掺杂浓度的增加,单层石墨烯纳米梁的振动频率逐渐降低.且随着掺杂浓度的增加,硼(B)掺杂石墨烯纳米梁的振动频率和铍(Be)掺杂石墨烯纳米梁的振动频率的差异逐渐增大.这对石墨烯纳米机械谐振器、振荡器等纳米器件的设计具有一定的理论指导意义.

纳米药物递送系统:胰腺癌靶向策略的新选择

胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)是一类进展迅速、早期诊断困难的恶性消化系统实体肿瘤,多数患者就诊时已失去根治性手术切除机会。PDAC组织中的多种细胞成分和非细胞成分组成复杂的调控网络,共同塑造了代谢异常的肿瘤微环境,导致临床化疗和免疫治疗等效果受限。纳米技术的发展为PDAC的高效药物递送和精准靶向治疗提供了新思路。本文从靶向肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境两个方面,综述了近年来基于纳米药物递送系统的PDAC治疗策略,并总结了本团队在相关领域的研究进展,为胰腺癌的治疗提供参考。

心房颤动首次导管射频消融术患者趋化素与半乳糖凝集素-3和内脂素水平与术后复发的关联性及临床意义评价

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)首次导管射频消融术患者趋化素(chemerin)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)、内脂素(visfatin)水平与术后复发的关联性及临床意义。方法选取四川绵阳四○四医院2021年9月至2023年8月首次行导管射频消融术的105例房颤患者进行前瞻性队列研究,随访3个月根据有无复发分为复发组和未复发组。比较两组基线资料、术前Chemerin、Gal-3及visfatin水平,logistic回归分析复发的预警因素,以方差膨胀因子和容忍度评价logistic回归分析是否存在多重共线性问题,以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析各相关因素对复发的预测价值,以精准-召回(PR)曲线评价联合预测方案的召回率和精准率。结果复发组OSAS患者占比(27.59%)高于未复发组(3.95%),行神经节丛消融患者占比(37.93%)低于未复发组(61.84%)(P<0.05);复发组Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin水平高于未复发组[(170.54±36.83)ng/ml比(122.69±31.50)ng/ml、(6.13±2.00)μg/L比(3.99±1.25)μg/L、(34.17±10.22)g/ml比(21.58±6.97)g/ml,均P<0.05]。Logistic回归显示,OSAS、Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin均是复发的相关危险因素,行神经节丛消融是复发的相关保护因素(P<0.05),多重共线性检验显示,各相关因素的方差膨胀因子介于1.045~2.007,容忍度介于0.544~0.901,多重共线性可能性低。将OSAS、行神经节丛消融、Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin原始数据按照20%、20%、60%随机划分为测试集、验证集、训练集,得到OSAS、行神经节丛消融、Chemerin、Gal-3联合visfatin的ROC曲线显示,各相关因素联合的AUC为0.911,高于OSAS(0.842)、行神经节丛消融(0.501)、Chemerin(0.780)、Gal-3(0.841)、visfatin(0.727)(P<0.05)。PR曲线显示,各相关因素联合方案的AUC为0.858,具有较高的召回率和精准率。结论房颤首次导管射频消融术患者术前Chemerin、Gal-3、visfatin水平与术后复发密切相关,三者联合OSAS、行神经节丛消融预测复发呈现出较高的预测性能,可为临床识别房颤复发高风险人群提供客观数据参考,有助于制定预防策略,从而减少术后的复发。

奶牛常用饲料中亚硝酸盐含量的测定与分析

通过检测新疆北疆地区奶牛常用的饲料中亚硝酸盐含量是否超标,为指导当地奶牛饲料合理使用提供可靠的数据,运用国标GB/T 13085-2005(比色法)对亚硝酸盐进行了测定。结果显示:测定的奶牛常见六种饲料的亚硝酸盐含量均未超标,含量最高的为精饲料:6.83 mg/kg,含量最低的为糖渣:0.20 mg/kg,同时对饲料中亚硝酸盐含量的差别及造成原因做出简要分析。并且对实验过程中的注意事项进行了总结阐述。结论发现应严格控制生产饲料过程中硝酸盐亚硝酸盐的累积,减少各类含硝酸盐亚硝酸盐添加剂的用量,以确保饲料质量。

地氯雷他定联合复方甘草酸苷对慢性荨麻疹患者的疗效研究

目的:探讨地氯雷他定联合复方甘草酸苷对慢性荨麻疹患者的治疗效果。方法:选取2021年1-12月广东省妇幼保健院收治的128例慢性荨麻疹患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各64例。对照组使用地氯雷他定进行治疗,观察组使用地氯雷他定联合复方甘草酸苷进行治疗,对比两组临床疗效、症状评分、免疫指标、细胞因子水平。结果:观察组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组风团数量、风团直径、发作次数、瘙痒程度、持续时间及症状总评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平高于对照组,CD8^(+)、免疫球蛋白E水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组IL-2、IFN-γ水平明显高于对照组,IL-4、IL-8、EOS水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:地氯雷他定联合复方甘草酸苷治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效确切,可抑制机体炎性反应,调节免疫功能,有效缓解症状,值得应用并予以推广。

公共图书馆参考咨询服务升级探析

图书馆参考咨询业务所带来的更直接、更高效、更可靠的查询结果和服务效果,为读者获取远程信息服务提供渠道。图书馆应通过加大对参考咨询业务的重视力度,增加人员配置和数字资源购买,改善参考咨询相关机构设置,挖掘业务深入度,提升业务完整性等措施,改善和提升参考咨询业务。

耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制

旨在阐明耐盐性不同水稻的产量对盐胁迫的响应及其生理特性。本研究以5个耐盐水稻品种和两个盐敏感水稻品种为材料,设置了5个不同盐浓度处理(0、1、2、2.5和3 g kg^(-1))。结果表明,相较于盐敏感水稻,耐盐水稻能够耐受更高浓度的盐胁迫(2.5 g kg^(-1)),且产量受盐胁迫减产幅度较小。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量,得益于其较高的总颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比,耐盐水稻品种叶片,在分蘖中期、穗分化期、抽穗期,具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,较高的果糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、脯氨酸等有机渗透调节物质含量,较高的K;/Na;值;分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长速率;抽穗期具有较高的光合速率。上述结果表明,不同耐盐性水稻产量差异,主要来源于分蘖期、穗分化期与抽穗期的耐盐生理差异,这些生育时期是决定水稻穗数、穗粒数、结实率的关键时期。耐盐水稻在这些关键生育时期的良好生理表现是这些水稻品种获得高产的基础。该研究结果对水稻耐盐生理机制研究与水稻耐盐育种有借鉴意义。

水稻内源油菜素甾醇对施氮量的响应及其对颖花退化的调控作用

为探明油菜素甾醇(brassinosteroids,BRs)是否介导氮肥对水稻颖花退化的影响。水稻品种扬稻6号和甬优2640种植于盆钵,全生育期设置3种施氮水平,观察了不同氮肥处理下水稻减数分裂期幼穗中氮含量、BRs、过氧化氢(H2O2)和总抗氧化能力(totalantioxidantcapacity,T-AOC)水平及其与颖花退化的关系。结果表明,颖花退化率的降低与稻穗中增加的24-表油菜素甾酮(24-epicastasterone,24-epiCS)和28-高油菜素内酯(28-homobrassinolide,28-homBL)含量密切相关。当稻穗的氮含量为1.25%时,幼穗中BRs(24-epiCS和28-homBL)含量显著增加,颖花退化率显著降低。稻穗中T-AOC水平与BRs含量变化趋势相同,且均与水稻颖花退化率显著负相关,而H_2O_2含量与BRs含量和T-AOC变化趋势相反。施用外源BRs(24-epiCS或28-homBL)可显著提高稻穗中内源BRs(24-epiCS和28-homBL)含量与T-AOC水平,并显著降低稻穗中H_2O_2含量和颖花退化率,施用BRs合成抑制剂则效果相反。表明BRs可以介导氮肥对水稻颖花退化的调控,在减数分裂期适宜的稻穗含氮量(1.25%)可有效提高幼穗中的BRs含量,并通过提高抗氧化能力来抑制颖花退化。

不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640产量和氮素吸收利用的特点

旨在探明在不同施氮量下籼/粳杂交稻产量、氮素吸收利用及损失的特点。2018—2019年籼/粳杂交稻品种甬优2640和常规粳稻品种连粳7号(对照品种1)和常规籼稻品种扬稻6号(对照品种2)种植于大田,设置6种施氮量(0、100、200、300、400和500 kg hm^(-2))处理和^(15)N示踪微区试验。3个供试品种的产量均随施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,甬优2640在施氮量为400 kg hm^(-2)时产量最高,连粳7号和扬稻6号均在施氮量为300 kg hm^(-2)时产量最高。在相同施氮量下,甬优2640的产量高于对照品种。^(15)N示踪试验表明,适量增加施氮量(甬优2640≤400 kg hm^(-2)、连粳7号和扬稻6号≤300 kg hm^(-2)),可以增加成熟期植株和穗中肥料氮积累量、土壤中的残留量、肥料氮对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率、肥料氮的损失量和损失率,降低土壤氮对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率、肥料氮的植株吸收利用率和在土壤的残留率。在相同施氮量下,甬优2640的肥料氮吸收量、在穗中的积累量、对植株地上部氮积累量的贡献率均高于对照品种,肥料氮的损失量、损失率、在土壤的残留率均低于对照品种。肥料氮的21.0%~35.7%、6.7%~23.7%和42.3%~72.6%分别被植株吸收、残留在土壤中以及流失到了生态系统中。在相同施氮量条件下,与常规高产品种相比,籼/粳杂交稻甬优2640的产量和氮吸收利用率均较高,氮损失率较低。在本试验条件下,甬优2640产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高的施氮量为300 kg hm^(-2),产量可达13.0 t hm^(-2)。

水稻穗上不同粒位籽粒胚乳结构及其结实期灌溉方式对它的调控作用

为探明水稻穗上不同粒位胚乳结构形成特征及结实期灌溉方式对它的调控作用,本研究以籼稻扬稻6号和粳稻武运粳24为材料,运用扫描电镜观察了穗上不同部位籽粒胚乳结构的形成动态。自抽穗至成熟设置保持浅水层(CK)、轻干-湿交替灌溉(WMD)和重干-湿交替灌溉(WSD)3种灌溉方式,观察了干湿交替灌溉方式对水稻产量和籽粒胚乳结构的影响。结果表明,灌浆过程中稻米胚乳结构的形态建成顺序是,上部穗籽粒早于中部穗籽粒更早于下部穗籽粒,一次枝梗籽粒早于二次枝梗籽粒,穗上早开花的籽粒早于迟开花的籽粒。与CK相比,结实期WMD可以明显提高水稻产量;其穗下部籽粒胚乳的淀粉体排列更紧密,籽粒背部淀粉粒嵌挤甚至粘连。在WSD下,稻米胚乳淀粉体排列疏松,体积减小,粒径差异增大,相互间隙增大。灌溉方式对胚乳结构的影响,因粒位而异,以下部穗二次枝梗籽粒的腹部最为显著。表明水稻穗上不同部位籽粒胚乳结构形成与花后天数有密切关系;结实期WMD可以改进穗下部籽粒胚乳结构,WSD则会使胚乳结构变差。灌浆期土壤水势–20 kPa可作为改善稻米胚乳淀粉结构的节水灌溉低限指标。

云南巍山地区广义虫草的物种多样性研究

为了解云南巍山地区的广义虫草资源状况,通过资源调查,利用形态观察结合多基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)系统发育分析,对广义虫草的物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明,巍山地区共采集虫草341株,隶属于2科5属20种,其中有7种为疑似新物种,虫草寄主包含鳞翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目和半翅目昆虫。巍山地区虫草优势属为虫草属(Cordyceps,7种215株),优势种为蛹虫草(C.militaris,93株)。巍山地区北部红河源样地的虫草物种多样性和丰富度最高,小鸡足山样地最低。物种累计曲线表明巍山地区绝大多数虫草种类已被采集研究。这为云南虫草资源保护与可持续利用提供依据。

不同氮敏感性粳稻品种的氮代谢与光合特性比较

本文旨在探明不同氮敏感性粳稻品种氮代谢与光合特性。以2个氮敏感高产品种淮稻5号和连粳7号,2个氮钝感品种宁粳1号和扬粳4038为材料,设置0和200 kg hm–2 2个施氮水平,研究其产量、氮肥利用效率以及地上部生理性状的变化特点。结果表明,在2种施氮水平下,氮敏感品种的产量和氮肥利用效率显著高于氮钝感品种。与氮钝感品种相比,氮敏感品种具有较高的光合速率和氮素积累,较强的氮代谢酶活性和较高的光合氮素利用效率,抽穗期茎叶中积累较多的可溶性糖和淀粉,抽穗至成熟期茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物向籽粒转运率较高。表明氮敏感品种在较低施氮量下具有较高的生理活性和物质生产效率;这些特征可作为筛选高产氮敏感水稻品种的重要生理指标。

金属粉末燃烧装置凝相产物反弹特性实验研究

为获得金属粉末燃烧装置燃烧产物的反弹特性,进而为金属凝相燃烧产物收集装置的设计提供指导,在收集并分析了铁粉燃烧产物特性的基础上,搭建了壁面碰撞反弹装置,开展了凝相燃烧产物与石墨板反弹特性实验研究,获得了法向反弹系数(en)与切向反弹系数(et)随粒子入射速度、入射角度的影响规律,并拟合了反弹系数多项式。结果表明:真实燃烧产物实验条件下,铁粉凝相燃烧产物的入射速度对en和et影响不显著,但入射角度对en和et的影响较大,表现为en随入射角度的增加而增大,et随入射角度的增加先减后增,但增幅较小,当入射角度大于58°时,et又出现减小的趋势。

干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响

为阐明干湿交替灌溉对水稻花后同化物转运和籽粒灌浆的影响及其生理原因,大田种植扬两优6号、武运粳24和旱优8号3个水稻品种,自移栽后10 d起,设置常规灌溉(CI)、轻干-湿交替灌溉(WMD)和重干-湿交替灌溉(WSD)3种灌溉模式,观察产量及构成因素、强弱势粒灌浆动态、籽粒中酶活性变化、剑叶光合性能、茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)运转及其淀粉水解酶活性变化,并利用^(13)C同位素示踪茎鞘物质运转动态。结果表明,与CI相比,WMD显著增加了3个水稻品种的每穗粒数、千粒重和结实率,进而提高籽粒产量。WMD显著提高千粒重和结实率的主要原因是促进了弱势粒的灌浆。WMD和WSD显著增强了茎鞘α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性,促进同化物质再运转与分配,提高茎鞘储藏物质对粒重的贡献率。其中WMD提高了剑叶光合性能以及增强了水稻弱势粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性,WSD的作用相反。表明较好的叶片性能、花后茎中较多的同化物向籽粒转运、较高的茎鞘淀粉水解酶活性以及弱势粒中较高的糖代谢酶活性是WMD促进弱势粒灌浆的重要生理原因。

Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice

A major challenge in rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is to cope with increasing grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising grain quality.This study was designed to determine if optimizing integrative cultivation management in rice could improve grain quality while increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).An indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar and a japonica rice cultivar were grown in the field,with five cultivation managements including no N application(0 N),local farmer's practice(LFP),and three optimizi ng in teg rati ve cultivati on managements,reducing N rate and increasi ng plant density(ND),ND+alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(NDW),and NDW+applying rapeseed cake fertilizer(NDWR).The results showed that the optimizi ng integrative cultivati on man ageme nts could not only in crease grain yield,but also enhance NUE compared to LFP.Compared to LFP,NDWR sign ifica ntly in creased brow n,milled,head milled rice rate,ratio of the kern el le ngth to breadth and breakdown value of starch,whereas decreased amylose content,gel consiste ncy,prolamin con tent,setback value,perce ntage of chalky kern els,and chalki ness.The three optimizing in tegrative cultivation managements increased con tents of total protei ns,albumin and glutelin,activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch con version in grains,root oxidati on activity,and malic and succinic acid concentrations in root exudates during the grain-filling period.The results suggested that optimizing integrative cultivation managements could improve grain quality meanwhile increase grain yield and NUE by enhancing physiological activities of rice plants.

Grain yield and water use efficiency of super rice under soil water deficit and alternate wetting and drying irrigation

This study investigated if super rice could better cope with soil water deficit and if it could have better yield performance and water use efficiency （WUE） under alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation than check rice. Two super rice cultivars and two elite check rice cultivars were grown in pots with three soil moisture levels, well watered （WW）, moderate water deficit （MWD） and severe water deficit （SWD）. Two cultivars, each for super rice and check rice, were grown in field with three irrigation regimes, alternate wetting and moderate drying （AWMD）, alternate wetting and severe drying （AWSD） and conventional irrigation （CI）. Compared with that under WW, grain yield was significantly decreased under MWD and SWD treatments, with less reduction for super rice than for check rice. Super rice had higher percentage of productive tillers, deeper root distribution, higher root oxidation activity, and greater aboveground biomass production at mid and late growth stages than check rice, especially under WMD and WSD. Compared with CI,AWMD increased, whereasAWSD decreased grain yield, with more increase or less decrease for super rice than for check rice. Both MWD and SWD treatments and eitherAWMD orAWSD regime significantly increased WUE compared with WW treatment or CI regime, with more increase for super rice than for check rice. The results suggest that super rice has a stronger ability to cope with soil water deficit and holds greater promising to increase both grain yield and WUE by adoption of moderate AWD irrigation.

Performance in Grain Yield and Physiological Traits of Rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China During the Last 60 yr

Knowledge on the performance in grain yield and physiological traits is essential to understand the main yield-limiting factor and make strategies for breeding and crop management in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. This study investigated the changes in grain yield and associated physiological traits of rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China during the last 60 yr. Thirteen mid-season indica and 12 japonica rice cultivars that were popularly used were grown in the field in 2008 and 2009. The grain yield and yield components, biomass, leaf area, leaf photosynthesis, root oxidation activity, and harvest index were examined. The results showed that grain yield and grain yield per day have progressively increased during the years and such increases are mainly attributed to the expanded sink size as a result of more spikelets per panicle, especially for the case of super rice. Both biomass and harvest index were increased with the improvement of cultivars. Increase in biomass for modern rice cultivars was associated with an enhancement of leaf area and photosynthesis, root dry weight, and root oxidation activity, although the indica super rice cultivars showed a lower leaf photosynthetic rate and root oxidation activity than the semi-dwarf cultivars during the grain filling period. Both indica and japonica super rice cultivars exhibited a low percentage of filled grains, which may limit their great yield potential. All the data suggested that grain yield have been substantially improved during the 60 yr of rice breeding in the Yangtze River Basin. Expanded sink size, increased dry matter production and harvest index, and enhanced leaf area and photosynthesis, root dry weight, and root oxidation activity contribute to the improvement in grain yield. Increase in filling efficiency could realize the great yield potential in super rice.

绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析

探明绿色超级稻的农艺与生理性状,对于培育和选用绿色超级稻品种有重要意义。本研究以4个绿色超级稻品种为材料,1个超级稻品种和1个非超级稻品种为对照,观察了绿色超级稻的农艺与生理表现。结果表明,与对照品种相比,绿色超级稻品种具有较高的产量和氮素利用效率。绿色超级稻品种较高的产量得益于总颖花数和结实率的同步提高,较高的氮素利用率主要在于较高的植株氮素籽粒生产效率(氮素内部利用效率)。绿色超级稻具有较高的茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比,抽穗期较高的糖花比,灌浆期较高的作物生长速率、净同化率、根系氧化力和茎中同化物向籽粒的运转率和成熟期较高的收获指数。这些性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率均呈极显著的正相关。建议将上述性状作为培育和选用绿色超级稻品种的参考指标。

Changes in Enzyme Activities Involved in Starch Synthesis and Hormone Concentrations in Superior and Inferior Spikelets and Their Association with Grain Filling of Super Rice

The changes in activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion and concentrations of hormones in superior and inferior spikelets of super rice were investigated and their association with grain filling was analyzed.Four super rice cultivars,Liangyoupeijiu,IIyou 084,Huaidao 9 and Wujing 15,and two high-yielding and elite check cultivars,Shanyou 63 and Yangfujing 8,were used.The activities of sucrose synthase （SuSase）,adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase （AGPase）,starch synthase （StSase） and starch branching enzyme （SBE）,and the concentrations of zeatin ＋ zeatin riboside （Z ＋ ZR）,indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and abscisic acid （ABA） in superior and inferior spikelets were determined during the grain filling period and their relationships with grain filling rate were analyzed.Maximum grain filling rate,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate,mean grain filling rate and brown rice weight for superior spikelets showed a slight difference between the super and check rice cultivars,but were significantly lower in the super rice than in the check rice for inferior spikelets.Changes of enzyme activities and hormone concentrations in grains exhibited single peak curves during the grain filling period.The peak values and the mean activities of SuSase,AGPase,StSase and SBE were lower in inferior spikelets than in superior ones,as well as the peak values and the mean concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.However,the peak value and the mean concentration of ABA were significantly higher in inferior spikelets than in superior ones and greater in the super rice than in the check rice.The grain filling rate was positively and significantly correlated with the activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA.The results suggested that the low activities of SuSase,AGPase and StSase and the low concentrations of Z ＋ ZR and IAA might be important physiological reasons for the slow grain filling rate and light grain weight of inferior spikelets in super rice.

Physiological mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration in rice

The phenomenon of degenerated spikelets is very common in cereals, and considered as a serious physiological defect and a main constraint to grain production. Understanding the physiological mechanism in which spikelet degeneration occurs would have great significance in enhancing yield potential in grain crops. Taking rice as an example, the paper reviewed the physiological mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration, with focus on the roles of phytohormones in regulating the process. There are several hypotheses for the spikelet degeneration, such as resource limitation, self-organization, and primigenic dominance. However, convincing evidences are not enough to support the assumptions. Phytohormones including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene are involved in regulating spikelet degeneration in cereals. The new phytohormones of brassinosteroids and polyamines have been observed to suppress spikelet degeneration in rice. The interactions among or between plant hormones may play a more important role in regulating spikelet degeneration. However, the information on such interactions is very limited. Some agronomic practices, especially proper water and nitrogen management, could reduce spikelet degeneration but the mechanism underlying remains unclear. Further research is needed to understand the cross-talk among/between phytohormones on spikelet degeneration, to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanism in which phytohormones and their interactions regulate the degeneration of spikelets, to exploit approaches to decrease spikelet degeneration and to elucidate their mechanism.