The source-receptor relation of wet deposition has been a continuous issue in studies of regional environmental pollution over the past two decades.In the absence of direct observational evidence,the problem is diffic...The source-receptor relation of wet deposition has been a continuous issue in studies of regional environmental pollution over the past two decades.In the absence of direct observational evidence,the problem is difficult to solve—a topic of broad international debate since the turn of the present century.In the present study,a variety of methods focused on the sources of the wet deposition of acidic substances,like sulfate and nitrate,were used to investigate the precipitation chemistry over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)during 2007.Back-trajectory analysis associated with the observation data and a source tracing method coupled with the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System(NAQPMS)are proved to be effective methods for investigating the sources of wet deposition over the YRD.Comparison among the back-trajectory,footprint,and NAQPMS results shows good consistency,both qualitatively and quantitatively.The most important contributor to acidic substances in the YRD,as well as heavy acid rain over the region,is the anthropogenic pollution from East China,which accounts for more than 70%.展开更多
Background Although liver transplantation has become a standard therapy for end-stage liver diseases, the experience of pediatric liver transplantation is limited in China. In this article we report our experience in ...Background Although liver transplantation has become a standard therapy for end-stage liver diseases, the experience of pediatric liver transplantation is limited in China. In this article we report our experience in pediatric liver transplantation, and summarize its characters in their indications, surgical techniques, and postoperative managements. Methods Thirty-one children （≤18 years old） underwent liver transplantation in our centers. The mean age at transplantation was 12.4 years old （ranged from 5 months to 18 years） with 7 children being less than 4 years of age at transplantation. The most common diagnosis of patients who underwent liver transplantation were biliary atresia, Wilson＇s disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, glycogen storage disease, hepatoblastoma, urea cycle defects, fulminant hepatic failure, etc. The surgical procedures included 12 standard （without venovenous bypass）, 6 pigyback, 6 reduced-size, 3 split, 3 living donor liver transplantation, and 1 Domino liver transplantation. The triple-drug （FK506, steroid, and mycophenolate mofetil） immunosuppressive regimen was used in most of patients. Patients were followed up for a mean of 21.8 months. Results Five of the 31 patients died during perioperative time; mortality rate was 16.1%. The reasons of death were infections, primary non-function, heart failure, and hypovolemic shock. Postoperative complications in 10 patients included biliary leakage, acute rejection, abdominal infection, hepatitis B virus （HBV） or hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection, and pulmonary infection. Overall patient cumulative survival rate at 1-, 3-, and 5-year was 78.1%, 62.6%, 62.6%, respectively. Conclusions The most common indications of pediatric liver transplantation were congenital end-stage liver diseases. According to patients＇ age and body weight, standard, piggyback, reduced-size, split, or living donor liver transplantation should be performed. Pediatric liver transplantation especially requires higher surgical skills. The early postoperative management is the key to success. Postoperative bile leak was common, but most patients underwent liver transplantation had a better prognosis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 91544221],[grant number41571130024],[grant number 41675137],[grant number41505091]the LAPC Free Exploration Fund
基金supported by the Chinese Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program[grant number2014BAC06B03]the National Key Project of Basic Research[grant number 2014CB447900]+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDB05030101]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41571130034,91544227]
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2014CB447900]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41305115]+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDB05020501]the Project of High-resolution Earth Observation System[grant number 05-Y30B02-9001-13/15-7-WX02]Commonwealth Project in Ministry of Environmental Protection[grant number 201309011]
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41305113 and 41405080)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB05030203)the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2014BAC22B04)
文摘The source-receptor relation of wet deposition has been a continuous issue in studies of regional environmental pollution over the past two decades.In the absence of direct observational evidence,the problem is difficult to solve—a topic of broad international debate since the turn of the present century.In the present study,a variety of methods focused on the sources of the wet deposition of acidic substances,like sulfate and nitrate,were used to investigate the precipitation chemistry over the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)during 2007.Back-trajectory analysis associated with the observation data and a source tracing method coupled with the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System(NAQPMS)are proved to be effective methods for investigating the sources of wet deposition over the YRD.Comparison among the back-trajectory,footprint,and NAQPMS results shows good consistency,both qualitatively and quantitatively.The most important contributor to acidic substances in the YRD,as well as heavy acid rain over the region,is the anthropogenic pollution from East China,which accounts for more than 70%.
文摘Background Although liver transplantation has become a standard therapy for end-stage liver diseases, the experience of pediatric liver transplantation is limited in China. In this article we report our experience in pediatric liver transplantation, and summarize its characters in their indications, surgical techniques, and postoperative managements. Methods Thirty-one children （≤18 years old） underwent liver transplantation in our centers. The mean age at transplantation was 12.4 years old （ranged from 5 months to 18 years） with 7 children being less than 4 years of age at transplantation. The most common diagnosis of patients who underwent liver transplantation were biliary atresia, Wilson＇s disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, glycogen storage disease, hepatoblastoma, urea cycle defects, fulminant hepatic failure, etc. The surgical procedures included 12 standard （without venovenous bypass）, 6 pigyback, 6 reduced-size, 3 split, 3 living donor liver transplantation, and 1 Domino liver transplantation. The triple-drug （FK506, steroid, and mycophenolate mofetil） immunosuppressive regimen was used in most of patients. Patients were followed up for a mean of 21.8 months. Results Five of the 31 patients died during perioperative time; mortality rate was 16.1%. The reasons of death were infections, primary non-function, heart failure, and hypovolemic shock. Postoperative complications in 10 patients included biliary leakage, acute rejection, abdominal infection, hepatitis B virus （HBV） or hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection, and pulmonary infection. Overall patient cumulative survival rate at 1-, 3-, and 5-year was 78.1%, 62.6%, 62.6%, respectively. Conclusions The most common indications of pediatric liver transplantation were congenital end-stage liver diseases. According to patients＇ age and body weight, standard, piggyback, reduced-size, split, or living donor liver transplantation should be performed. Pediatric liver transplantation especially requires higher surgical skills. The early postoperative management is the key to success. Postoperative bile leak was common, but most patients underwent liver transplantation had a better prognosis.
