Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions

Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in 20～400 eV region are mainly reviewed. General principle of selecting material combinations to get high linear polarizance multilayers of reflection type is given with practical examples,with periodic or non-periodic layer structures depending on the usage. Transmission type is introduced as linear polarizer and phase shifter. Their applications include polarization diagnosis of laboratory optical systems and synchrotron radiation beamlines of linear and circular polarization,magnetic rotation experiments such as Faraday rotation and magnetic Kerr rotation on magnetic films and multilayers,and ellipsometry to measure optical constants of thin films precisely. Polarization analysis of soft X-ray fluorescence using multilayer-coated grating is also mentioned. Finally this review is summarized with outlook of further developments.

陈国达矿(Ag9FeTe2S4)：胶东地区金矿床中发现的硫碲化物新矿物

陈国达矿(Ag9FeTe2S4),产于中国胶东金矿区埠南金矿的含金-银的黄铜矿-石英脉中,呈5～70μm的半自形-他形粒状与方铅矿、黄铜矿、碲银矿、银金矿、自然银、未定名的Ag6TeS2,Ag16FeBiTe3S8共生,并被自然银和螺状硫银矿包围交代.其平均化学成分(16个EPMA分析值)为Ag8.97Fe1.00Te1.99S4.04,理想化学式Ag9FeTe2S4.利用甘多菲照相及同步辐射迴摆照相技术,获得陈国达矿的67个衍射线,主要衍射强线的d值和相对强度(括号中)为:6.742(69),6.416(39),5.951(33),3.265(100),2.981(24),2.649(22),2.25(24),2.188(71),2.142(22),2.123(31),2.044(23),1.949(33).该衍射数据指标化为斜方晶系,a=12.769(2),b=14.814(2),c=16.233(1),V=3070.63,Z=9,dcal=6.85g/cm3.反光显微镜下,陈国达矿的光学性质与硫银锡矿接近,浅灰色,无明显非均质性,摩氏硬度2～3,颜色指数:x=0.3027,y=0.3076,Y=25.78%,λd=474nm,Pe=3.68%.该矿物以中国地质学家、地洼学说的创立人陈国达教授的姓名命名.该矿物及命名经IMA-CNMMN于2004年投票通过.2005年作者补充数据后,由CNMMN主席正式公布,批准号2004-042a。