针对不同环境、多性状条件下优良品种选择效率低下的问题,探讨整合环境型鉴定技术(envirotyping techniques,ET)和多性状选择对黄淮海夏玉米区试参试品种进行综合评价,以期为品种合理布局提供理论依据。本研究以2016—2017年黄淮海夏玉...针对不同环境、多性状条件下优良品种选择效率低下的问题,探讨整合环境型鉴定技术(envirotyping techniques,ET)和多性状选择对黄淮海夏玉米区试参试品种进行综合评价,以期为品种合理布局提供理论依据。本研究以2016—2017年黄淮海夏玉米组区域试验数据为材料,基于当年19个环境协变量信息采用ET将40个试点划分为不同生态区(mega-environments,ME)。采用品种-产量×性状(genotype by yield×trait,GYT)双标图技术对不同生态区(mega-environments,ME)籽粒产量与生育期、株高、穗位高、倒伏率、空秆率、穗长、秃尖、穗行数、穗粒重、百粒重、茎腐病和黑粉病等农艺性状的组合表现进行综合评价,研究GYT双标图技术在玉米区域试验多性状评价中的作用。AMMI方差分析表明,2016年被测农艺性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),2017年被测农艺性状除穗位高互作效应不显著外,其余性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平。根据当年气象因子信息将位于8个省份的40个试点划分为4个ME,降水亏缺(dbp)、饱和水汽压差(vpd)、相对湿度(rh)和最高温度(Tmax)在5个物候期中呈现出较大的变化趋势。GYT双标图与ME结合,可以筛选出不同ME的优势品种。2016年参试品种中,衡玉321和冀丰118在划定的4个ME中均表现出丰产性突出、稳定性较好的特征,属于丰产稳产型品种。而潞玉36和潞研1502则属于参试品种中丰产性、稳定性均较差的品种。2017年参试品种中,DK56在ME2和ME4试点中产量-性状组合表现较为协调,DK205和衡玉6105分别在ME1和ME3生态区中有较好的表现。对照品种郑单958两年区域试验表现出较好的稳定性但丰产性一般。基于环境型鉴定技术划分生态区与GYT双标图相结合对参试品种的丰产性、适应性和稳定性进行评价,实现品种推广的精细定位,为黄淮海夏玉米区品种多性状综合评价提供理论基础。展开更多
Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world. At present, heat tolerance research remains one of the least understood fields in wheat genetics and breeding and there is a lack of effecti...Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world. At present, heat tolerance research remains one of the least understood fields in wheat genetics and breeding and there is a lack of effective methods to quantify heat stress and heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to use various wheat cultivars to evaluate stress intensity(δ) and a new method for quantification of heat tolerance and compare this technique with three other currently utilized methods. This new parameter for heat tolerance quantification is referred to as the heat tolerance index(HTI) and is an indicator of both yield potential and yield stability. Heat treatments were applied in a controlled setting when anthesis had been reached for 80% of the wheat. The stress intensity evaluation indicated heat shock was the main factor associated with kernel weight reduction while grain yield reduction was mainly associated with chronic high temperature. The methods evaluation showed that a temperature difference of 5°C from natural temperatures was a suitable heat treatment to compare to the untreated controls. HTI was positively correlated with yield under heat stress(r=0.8657, δ=0.15, in 2009–2010; r=0.8418, δ=0.20, in 2010–2011; P<0.01), and negatively correlated with yield reduction rate(r=–0.8344, in 2009–2010; r=–0.7158, in 2010–2011; P<0.01). The results of this study validated the use of HTI and temperature difference control for quantifying wheat heat tolerance that included the yield potential and the stability of different wheat cultivars under heat stress. Additionally, 10 wheat cultivars showed high HTI and should be further tested for their heat confirming characteristics for use in wheat heat tolerance breeding.展开更多
文摘针对不同环境、多性状条件下优良品种选择效率低下的问题,探讨整合环境型鉴定技术(envirotyping techniques,ET)和多性状选择对黄淮海夏玉米区试参试品种进行综合评价,以期为品种合理布局提供理论依据。本研究以2016—2017年黄淮海夏玉米组区域试验数据为材料,基于当年19个环境协变量信息采用ET将40个试点划分为不同生态区(mega-environments,ME)。采用品种-产量×性状(genotype by yield×trait,GYT)双标图技术对不同生态区(mega-environments,ME)籽粒产量与生育期、株高、穗位高、倒伏率、空秆率、穗长、秃尖、穗行数、穗粒重、百粒重、茎腐病和黑粉病等农艺性状的组合表现进行综合评价,研究GYT双标图技术在玉米区域试验多性状评价中的作用。AMMI方差分析表明,2016年被测农艺性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),2017年被测农艺性状除穗位高互作效应不显著外,其余性状基因型、环境和互作效应均达到了极显著水平。根据当年气象因子信息将位于8个省份的40个试点划分为4个ME,降水亏缺(dbp)、饱和水汽压差(vpd)、相对湿度(rh)和最高温度(Tmax)在5个物候期中呈现出较大的变化趋势。GYT双标图与ME结合,可以筛选出不同ME的优势品种。2016年参试品种中,衡玉321和冀丰118在划定的4个ME中均表现出丰产性突出、稳定性较好的特征,属于丰产稳产型品种。而潞玉36和潞研1502则属于参试品种中丰产性、稳定性均较差的品种。2017年参试品种中,DK56在ME2和ME4试点中产量-性状组合表现较为协调,DK205和衡玉6105分别在ME1和ME3生态区中有较好的表现。对照品种郑单958两年区域试验表现出较好的稳定性但丰产性一般。基于环境型鉴定技术划分生态区与GYT双标图相结合对参试品种的丰产性、适应性和稳定性进行评价,实现品种推广的精细定位,为黄淮海夏玉米区品种多性状综合评价提供理论基础。
基金partially supported by the Generation Challenge Program,CIMMYT(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)(GCP,G7010.02.01)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3-2-3)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100502,2016YFD0300407)
文摘Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world. At present, heat tolerance research remains one of the least understood fields in wheat genetics and breeding and there is a lack of effective methods to quantify heat stress and heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to use various wheat cultivars to evaluate stress intensity(δ) and a new method for quantification of heat tolerance and compare this technique with three other currently utilized methods. This new parameter for heat tolerance quantification is referred to as the heat tolerance index(HTI) and is an indicator of both yield potential and yield stability. Heat treatments were applied in a controlled setting when anthesis had been reached for 80% of the wheat. The stress intensity evaluation indicated heat shock was the main factor associated with kernel weight reduction while grain yield reduction was mainly associated with chronic high temperature. The methods evaluation showed that a temperature difference of 5°C from natural temperatures was a suitable heat treatment to compare to the untreated controls. HTI was positively correlated with yield under heat stress(r=0.8657, δ=0.15, in 2009–2010; r=0.8418, δ=0.20, in 2010–2011; P<0.01), and negatively correlated with yield reduction rate(r=–0.8344, in 2009–2010; r=–0.7158, in 2010–2011; P<0.01). The results of this study validated the use of HTI and temperature difference control for quantifying wheat heat tolerance that included the yield potential and the stability of different wheat cultivars under heat stress. Additionally, 10 wheat cultivars showed high HTI and should be further tested for their heat confirming characteristics for use in wheat heat tolerance breeding.
