Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development...Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development.Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers'livelihoods.However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013,with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables.The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM)by Geographic Information System(GIS).Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristicsare negatively affected by village accessibility.Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated.Additionally,land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2)Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation.Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility,but also indirectly affected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3)Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation,and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation.The worse a village's accessibility/location is,the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4)Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation.The better the village'saccessibility is,the greateris its compensation for land expropriation and,hence,the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated,and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated.This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households'livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households'livelihood.These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households'livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.展开更多
目的:通过系统回顾和荟萃分析评估抗性淀粉对慢性肾脏疾病患者炎症、尿毒症毒素及肾功能的影响。方法:分别在PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CBM、中国知网、万方中检索抗性淀粉饮食干预慢性肾病患者的随机对...目的:通过系统回顾和荟萃分析评估抗性淀粉对慢性肾脏疾病患者炎症、尿毒症毒素及肾功能的影响。方法:分别在PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CBM、中国知网、万方中检索抗性淀粉饮食干预慢性肾病患者的随机对照研究的文献,检索时间均至2021年6月2日。文献质量采用Cochran协作网推荐的偏倚风险评估工具进行评估。相关数据用Reveman 5.3软件进行整合、分析。结果:共检索文献783篇,其中9篇符合纳入标准,共纳入研究对象335例。分析结果显示,抗性淀粉饮食干预可显著降低慢性肾脏疾病患者的硫酸吲哚酚(IS)水平[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.61,-0.01),P=0.04]和尿素氮(BUN)水平[SMD=-0.43,95%CI(-0.68,-0.18),P<0.05],而白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、甲氧基硫酸酯(PCS)、白蛋白、磷和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的测定结果无显著性差异。结论:抗性淀粉饮食干预对慢性肾脏疾病患者的尿毒症毒素及肾功能指标有潜在的有益作用。抗性淀粉补充可降低尿毒症毒素水平及改善肾功能状况,但不能减轻慢性肾脏疾病患者的炎症反应。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 41601614,41571527,41771194)supported by the Fun damental Research Funds for the Central Universit ies(grant number JBK1902059)
文摘Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development.Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers'livelihoods.However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013,with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables.The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM)by Geographic Information System(GIS).Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristicsare negatively affected by village accessibility.Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated.Additionally,land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2)Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation.Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility,but also indirectly affected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3)Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation,and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation.The worse a village's accessibility/location is,the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4)Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation.The better the village'saccessibility is,the greateris its compensation for land expropriation and,hence,the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated,and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated.This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households'livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households'livelihood.These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households'livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.
