以四川地区2008—2015年期间发生的ML4.0～6.0地震为例,利用四川区域台网宽频带波形资料,采用CAP(Cut and paste)方法计算其震源机制解和最佳震源深度,在此基础上分析地震震源机制解和震源深度空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)四川地区地震...以四川地区2008—2015年期间发生的ML4.0～6.0地震为例,利用四川区域台网宽频带波形资料,采用CAP(Cut and paste)方法计算其震源机制解和最佳震源深度,在此基础上分析地震震源机制解和震源深度空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)四川地区地震震源机制解类型存在显著空间分区特征。逆冲型地震集中分布在龙门山断裂带和川东盆地,揭示青藏高原的巴颜喀拉地块与华南地块的相互作用方式——强挤压。走滑型地震绝大多数分布在川西高原和攀西地区,这是由于印度板块向北东推挤和青藏高原物质向东扩张所导致的上地壳物质沿大型断层滑移。正断型地震主要分布在金沙江断裂带北段和汶川大震主震区,金沙江断裂带北段的拉张应力状态应是由青藏高原东部下地壳物质流动对上地壳物质有拖曳作用,与多力源组合共同作用决定的;而汶川主震区的正断型地震应是主震后震源区不同来源动力作用的复杂应力调整现象。其他类型地震都分布在龙门山断裂带,属于汶川或芦山地震的余震活动,其成因为大震后震源区不同来源应力作用使主应力方向倾斜偏离了水平面和垂直面而引起的应力变形。(2)震源机制解参数中的P、T、N轴反映了地震前后震源区应力状态的变化,是震源区构造应力的一种体现。四川地区构造地震的P、T轴方位空间展布存在地区差异:川西高原地区以约31°纬线为界,北部区域P轴方位呈NEE向,南部区域呈SEE向(平均约E19°S);龙门山断裂带南段P轴方位呈SEE向(平均约E25°S),中、北段P轴方向离散,无优势方位;攀西地区P轴方位呈SE向(平均约E51°S);T轴方位在川西高原呈近SN向拉张,在攀西地区又转为NE向,呈顺时针旋转趋势。(3)四川地区地震震源深度空间分布差异显著。从整体来看,四川地区地壳优势孕震层深度范围为5～15km,深度更深的地震分布在地壳厚度存在异常的大型断裂带(龙门山、小金河断裂带)或盆地至高原的过渡地带(乐山、犍为等地)。龙门山断裂带地震震源深度空间分布呈现出西南深、东北浅的特征,西南段地震震源最深达26km,中、北段地震震源最深达19km;且断裂带上走滑型地震相对于逆冲型和正断型地震存在震源深度偏浅的现象。川东盆地地震震源深度空间分布展显出西南深、东南浅的特征,盆地东南部地震震源深度分布范围为2～5km。揭示出四川地区地震震源是沿活动的脆性上地壳分布。展开更多
As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7...As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7≤ML≤5.0 during an eight-year time span before and after major earthquakes.We divide the study area into three subregions(the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone;the southwestern junction of the Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin;and the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin)and calculate individual event stress drops in each.The results show that regions of alternating high and low stress drop are found on either side of the southwestern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone.During the two-year period after the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the stress state of the southern Longmen Shan fault shows no significant change.A marked increase in stress level appears about 18 months before the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake near the Lushan hypocenter zone.Two months after the Ms 7.0 event,the stress drops suddenly attenuate,with significantly less seismic energy release per event.We find that changes in the patterns of high and low stress drop values are consistent with the process of stress accumulation or transfer from the pre-mainshock to postmainshock periods.The results indicate that major earthquakes are the dominant cause of temporal and spatial evolution in stress levels.Stress drop variations show obvious temporal and spatial patterns that may suggests subtle changes in the character of stress fields on faults and spatial variations related to local intense compression and tectonic effects.展开更多
文摘以四川地区2008—2015年期间发生的ML4.0～6.0地震为例,利用四川区域台网宽频带波形资料,采用CAP(Cut and paste)方法计算其震源机制解和最佳震源深度,在此基础上分析地震震源机制解和震源深度空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)四川地区地震震源机制解类型存在显著空间分区特征。逆冲型地震集中分布在龙门山断裂带和川东盆地,揭示青藏高原的巴颜喀拉地块与华南地块的相互作用方式——强挤压。走滑型地震绝大多数分布在川西高原和攀西地区,这是由于印度板块向北东推挤和青藏高原物质向东扩张所导致的上地壳物质沿大型断层滑移。正断型地震主要分布在金沙江断裂带北段和汶川大震主震区,金沙江断裂带北段的拉张应力状态应是由青藏高原东部下地壳物质流动对上地壳物质有拖曳作用,与多力源组合共同作用决定的;而汶川主震区的正断型地震应是主震后震源区不同来源动力作用的复杂应力调整现象。其他类型地震都分布在龙门山断裂带,属于汶川或芦山地震的余震活动,其成因为大震后震源区不同来源应力作用使主应力方向倾斜偏离了水平面和垂直面而引起的应力变形。(2)震源机制解参数中的P、T、N轴反映了地震前后震源区应力状态的变化,是震源区构造应力的一种体现。四川地区构造地震的P、T轴方位空间展布存在地区差异:川西高原地区以约31°纬线为界,北部区域P轴方位呈NEE向,南部区域呈SEE向(平均约E19°S);龙门山断裂带南段P轴方位呈SEE向(平均约E25°S),中、北段P轴方向离散,无优势方位;攀西地区P轴方位呈SE向(平均约E51°S);T轴方位在川西高原呈近SN向拉张,在攀西地区又转为NE向,呈顺时针旋转趋势。(3)四川地区地震震源深度空间分布差异显著。从整体来看,四川地区地壳优势孕震层深度范围为5～15km,深度更深的地震分布在地壳厚度存在异常的大型断裂带(龙门山、小金河断裂带)或盆地至高原的过渡地带(乐山、犍为等地)。龙门山断裂带地震震源深度空间分布呈现出西南深、东北浅的特征,西南段地震震源最深达26km,中、北段地震震源最深达19km;且断裂带上走滑型地震相对于逆冲型和正断型地震存在震源深度偏浅的现象。川东盆地地震震源深度空间分布展显出西南深、东南浅的特征,盆地东南部地震震源深度分布范围为2～5km。揭示出四川地区地震震源是沿活动的脆性上地壳分布。
基金supported by the China Seismic Experiment Site Project(Grant No.2018CSES0209)the Project of Science for Earthquake Resilience(Grant No.XH202302),part of the China Earthquake Administration。
文摘As a case study of spatial and temporal variations in earthquake stress drops between the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan and 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquakes,we computed 1828 stress-drop values for earthquakes with magnitudes 1.7≤ML≤5.0 during an eight-year time span before and after major earthquakes.We divide the study area into three subregions(the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone;the southwestern junction of the Longmen Shan and Sichuan Basin;and the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin)and calculate individual event stress drops in each.The results show that regions of alternating high and low stress drop are found on either side of the southwestern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone.During the two-year period after the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the stress state of the southern Longmen Shan fault shows no significant change.A marked increase in stress level appears about 18 months before the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake near the Lushan hypocenter zone.Two months after the Ms 7.0 event,the stress drops suddenly attenuate,with significantly less seismic energy release per event.We find that changes in the patterns of high and low stress drop values are consistent with the process of stress accumulation or transfer from the pre-mainshock to postmainshock periods.The results indicate that major earthquakes are the dominant cause of temporal and spatial evolution in stress levels.Stress drop variations show obvious temporal and spatial patterns that may suggests subtle changes in the character of stress fields on faults and spatial variations related to local intense compression and tectonic effects.
