通过仿真计算对平顶型正弦波导的慢波特性进行了分析研究,提出了一种可用于W波段大功率行波管的两段式平顶型正弦波导高频电磁系统,并完成了输入输出结构和集中衰减器的优化设计;利用粒子模拟方法获得了带状电子注与此结构中慢电磁波注...通过仿真计算对平顶型正弦波导的慢波特性进行了分析研究,提出了一种可用于W波段大功率行波管的两段式平顶型正弦波导高频电磁系统,并完成了输入输出结构和集中衰减器的优化设计;利用粒子模拟方法获得了带状电子注与此结构中慢电磁波注—波互作用特性,计算结果表明该行波管在92~101 GHz的频率范围内可获得200 W以上的输出功率,增益大于30 d B.展开更多
Background Mast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, which is associated with the activation of the ＂neural-immune＂ system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role o...Background Mast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, which is associated with the activation of the ＂neural-immune＂ system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the remodeling of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters induced by acute cold restriction stress （ACRS） post infection （PI） using mast cell deficient rats （Ws/Ws） and their wild-type controls （＋/＋）. Methods Transient intestinal infection was initiated by giving 1500 Trichinella spiralis （T.S.） larvae by gavage. ACRS was induced for 2 hours at day 100 PI. Samples of terminal ilea were prepared for H＆E staining, mast cell counting and activation and assessment of IL-113 and IL-10. Results When infected, both strains of rats experienced an acute infectious stage followed by a recovery. Histological scores were significantly higher in infected rats compared with those of the non-infected controls at day 10 PI （10 day-PI vs. control： ＋/＋： 2.75±0.17 vs. 0.42±0.09; Ws/Ws： 2.67±0.67 vs. 0.50±0.34; P 〈0.01）. In ＋/＋ rats, post-infection ACRS induced the formation of low-grade inflammation, represented by the imbalance of IL-1β and IL-10 （IL-1β： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （1812.24±561.61） vs. （1275.97±410.21） pg/g, P 〈0.05; IL-10： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （251.9±39.8） vs. （255.3±24.7） pg/g, P 〉0.05）, accompanied by hyperplasia and activation of mast cells （PI＋ACRS vs. control： 58.8±19.2 vs. 28.0±7.6; P 〈0.01）. The balance between acetylcholine （ACh） and substance P （SP） was also disturbed （ACh： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （743.94±238.72） vs. （1065.68±256.46） pg/g, P 〈0.05; SP： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （892.60±231.12） vs. （696.61±148.61） pg/g, P 〈0.05）. Nevertheless, similar changes of IL-1β/IL-10 and ACh/SP were not detected in Ws/Ws rats. Conclusion The imbalance of ACh/SP, together with the activation of mucosal immunity induced by post-infection ACRS were lacking in mast cell deficient rats, which supports the premise that mast cells play an important role in cholinergic and peptidergic remodeling in the ileum of rats.展开更多
文摘通过仿真计算对平顶型正弦波导的慢波特性进行了分析研究,提出了一种可用于W波段大功率行波管的两段式平顶型正弦波导高频电磁系统,并完成了输入输出结构和集中衰减器的优化设计;利用粒子模拟方法获得了带状电子注与此结构中慢电磁波注—波互作用特性,计算结果表明该行波管在92~101 GHz的频率范围内可获得200 W以上的输出功率,增益大于30 d B.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2018J032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571078,61801088,11505043)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFE0300200,2017YFE0300201)
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61531010,61921002)the International Cooperating Project of Sichuan Province(2018HH0132)the National Key Lab Foundation of China(9140A23010415DZ02001)。
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30470776） and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 7082102）. Part of this paper was accepted for poster presentation at the First Asian Neurogastroenterology and Motility Association （ANMA） 2009, Seoul, Korea.Acknowledgements： The authors world like to thank Prof. ZHENG Zhen-hui for establishment of animal models and Ms. CHEN Li for histological technique.
文摘Background Mast cells are implicated in the development of irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）, which is associated with the activation of the ＂neural-immune＂ system. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mast cells in the remodeling of cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters induced by acute cold restriction stress （ACRS） post infection （PI） using mast cell deficient rats （Ws/Ws） and their wild-type controls （＋/＋）. Methods Transient intestinal infection was initiated by giving 1500 Trichinella spiralis （T.S.） larvae by gavage. ACRS was induced for 2 hours at day 100 PI. Samples of terminal ilea were prepared for H＆E staining, mast cell counting and activation and assessment of IL-113 and IL-10. Results When infected, both strains of rats experienced an acute infectious stage followed by a recovery. Histological scores were significantly higher in infected rats compared with those of the non-infected controls at day 10 PI （10 day-PI vs. control： ＋/＋： 2.75±0.17 vs. 0.42±0.09; Ws/Ws： 2.67±0.67 vs. 0.50±0.34; P 〈0.01）. In ＋/＋ rats, post-infection ACRS induced the formation of low-grade inflammation, represented by the imbalance of IL-1β and IL-10 （IL-1β： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （1812.24±561.61） vs. （1275.97±410.21） pg/g, P 〈0.05; IL-10： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （251.9±39.8） vs. （255.3±24.7） pg/g, P 〉0.05）, accompanied by hyperplasia and activation of mast cells （PI＋ACRS vs. control： 58.8±19.2 vs. 28.0±7.6; P 〈0.01）. The balance between acetylcholine （ACh） and substance P （SP） was also disturbed （ACh： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （743.94±238.72） vs. （1065.68±256.46） pg/g, P 〈0.05; SP： PI＋ACRS vs. control： （892.60±231.12） vs. （696.61±148.61） pg/g, P 〈0.05）. Nevertheless, similar changes of IL-1β/IL-10 and ACh/SP were not detected in Ws/Ws rats. Conclusion The imbalance of ACh/SP, together with the activation of mucosal immunity induced by post-infection ACRS were lacking in mast cell deficient rats, which supports the premise that mast cells play an important role in cholinergic and peptidergic remodeling in the ileum of rats.
