广西某铝母液中镓钒铝的偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附与解吸试验

广西某铝土矿浸出循环母液中富含镓、钒,为给镓的分离、回收工艺研究提供依据,研究了偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附镓、钒、铝的规律和盐酸解吸的规律。结果表明:①偕胺肟螯合树脂对镓具有较高选择性,对铝的吸附率非常低;吸附温度对树脂吸附镓、铝的影响较小,对吸附钒影响较大,钒吸附率随温度升高而增大;树脂对镓的吸附速率比钒快很多;该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型;镓的最优吸附条件为吸附温度25℃,吸附时间60 min。②在25℃情况下较低浓度的盐酸就能高效、快速解吸偕胺肟螯合树脂吸附的镓、铝,且受解吸温度的影响较小,钒难以解吸;提高盐酸浓度和解吸温度,盐酸对钒的解吸率明显上升;镓的最优解吸条件为盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L,解吸温度25℃,解吸时间5 min。③由于偕胺肟螯合树脂对铝土矿浸出循环母液中镓和钒的吸附率较高,且钒解吸困难,影响树脂的再生和循环利用。为了高效、低成本分离、回收镓,需在树脂吸附镓之前先采用氢氧化钠沉淀并回收原液中的钒,以尽量降低溶液的钒含量。

低品位氧化钼矿石常压酸/碱浸出试验

针对低品位细粒嵌布的氧化钼矿难以通过浮选选别的问题,以河南某钼品位为0.24%的钼矿石为研究对象,通过湿法浸出直接回收钼矿中钼的方法,系统研究了酸/碱性体系下各因素对钼浸出效果的影响。结果表明:以氢氧化钠为浸出剂时,在给料粒度为-0.074 mm占80%,NaOH浓度为10 mol/L,液固比为2 mL/g,浸出温度为80℃,搅拌转速为300 r/min,浸出时间为30 min时,钼的浸出率为62.05%;以硫酸为浸出剂时,在给料粒度为-0.074 mm占80%,硫酸浓度为30%,液固比为2 m L/g,浸出温度为80℃,搅拌转速为300 r/min,浸出时间为30 min时,钼的浸出率为84.15%,对钼的浸出率比碱性条件浸出时高22.10个百分点;钼在碱性体系下浸出时,需要的氢氧化钠浓度过高,成本高、难过滤,且浸出率不高,而酸性体系下浸出时,需要的硫酸质量分数相对较低,且成本低、浸出率高;对酸性浸出过程进行的动力学分析结果表明,浸出温度在30~60℃时,钼的浸出过程受化学反应控制,反应活化能Ea=58.41 k J/mol;当浸出温度达到80℃时,反应过程由化学反应控制转向由混合扩散控制。试验结果可以为低品位氧化钼矿的回收提供基础。

Adsorption behavior of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) on a silica-based macroporous TODGA adsorbent

In order to separate Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) in acidic solution,several kinds of silica-based macroporous adsorbents were synthesized.Their adsorption selectivity for Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) in HCl solution was investigated,and the TODGA adsorbent for the two elements had the largest adsorption difference.The effects of acid type,HCl concentration,and temperature on the adsorption behavior of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) onto the TODGA adsorbent were conducted by batch experiments.It was found that H+exhibited a quite strong influence on adsorption capacity of Zr(IV) and Hf(IV).Isotherm fitting showed that the Langmuir model agrees well with the experimental data.The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption processes for both elements are endothermic reactions.The TODGA adsorbent had the higher adsorption selectivity for Zr(IV) over Hf(IV) and could be promising for their mutual separation.

钛铁矿精矿碳热还原制取碳氧化钛(TiCxO1-x)物相演化机理研究

基于USTB工艺,以广西某钛业公司的浮选钛铁矿精矿为研究对象,研究钛铁矿精矿直接碳热还原制取碳氧化钛(TiCxO1-x)机理和物相变化过程。采用XRD、SEM-EDS和HSC热力学软件对碳热还原产物及反应过程进行分析,结果表明:随着碳配比量的增加,还原过程物相主要为:FeTi2O5、Ti2O3、TiO、TiCxO1-x、TiC;当石墨的配比质量分数为2.2.92%~2.6.61%时,1550℃氩气气氛下还原4 h可得到TiCxO1-x;结合反应热力学和物相分析结果可知,整个还原过程主要是固相C参与还原,CO还原作用小,还原过程物相演化规律为:FeTiO3→FeTi2O5→Ti2O3+Fe→TiO+Fe→TiCxO1-x+Fe。在1550℃下,反应生成TiC过程主要是固相碳起还原作用,CO无法起到还原作用;生成碳氧化钛TiCxO1-x的ΔG^■介于TiC和TiO之间,属于不完全还原状态,主要通过控制碳配比量在反应温度内即可还原得到碳氧化钛。

Evaluation study on properties of a macroporous silica-based CMPO extraction resin to be used forminor actinides separation from high level liquid waste

Basic properties of a silica-based octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoyl-methylphosphine oxide (CMPO) extraction resin (CMPO/SiO2-P) was investigated.Adsorption behavior for some rare earth elements (RE) which are constituents of high level liquid waste (HLLW) and the long-term stability of the extraction resin in nitric acid solution were examined.The CMPO extraction resin was significantly stable in 3 mol·L?1 HNO3 solution at 50oC.Furthermore,the RE(III) were efficiently separated from non-adsorptive fission product (FP) elements such as Sr(II) in a column experiment using a highly nitric acid solution.The separation behaviors of the elements are considered to result from the difference in their adsorption and elution selectivity based on the complex formation with CMPO.There was no strong dependency of RE(III) separation efficiency on feed solution flow rate.Only from the perspectives of the acid-resistant behavior of CMPO extraction resin and the elution kinetics for the metal ions with the extraction resin,the CMPO extraction resin can be used in the modified MAREC process for HLLW partitioning.

D296树脂从低品位氧化钼矿石的硫酸浸出液中吸附钼

为了了解D296树脂从低品位氧化钼矿石的硫酸浸出液中吸附钼的效果,开展了用D296树脂从铁、铝浓度较高的低品位氧化钼矿石的硫酸浸出液中吸附钼的研究,考察了氢离子浓度、吸附时间及吸附温度对D296树脂选择性吸附钼效果的影响;用浓度为10%的氨水和浓度为10%的氯化铵混合溶液为解吸剂,从D296树脂上解吸钼,考察了解吸剂体积、解吸时间对解吸效果的影响.结果表明:在浸出液中氢离子浓度为2 mol/L、吸附温度为50℃、吸附时间3 h的条件下,D296树脂对钼的选择性吸附效果最佳;用30 mL解吸剂解吸10 min,钼的解吸效果最佳;利用盐酸酸沉解吸液,使得解吸液中的铁、铝进入母液,钼以结晶沉淀形式析出而高度富集,进而分离与提纯解吸液中的钼.

大学英语写作支架式教学模式构建探究

文章主要探讨支架式教学模式在大学英语写作课堂中的应用与构建,总结了支架式教学模式的主要特征和应用策略,提出了一套支架式教学策略,包括模型示范、提示和问题引导等。实证研究发现,使用支架式教学模式的学生在英语写作上表现出了显著的进步,以期为大学英语写作教学提供有益的参考和借鉴。

Study on adsorption behavior of cesium using ammonium tungstophosphate(AWP)-calcium alginate microcapsules

A functional microcapsule was prepared by encapsulating the fine crystalline ammonium tungstophosphate(AWP) in calcium alginate polymer(CaALG).The characterization of AWP-CaALG microcapsule was examined by SEM and EPMA.The adsorption behavior of Cs(I),Rb(I),Sr(II),Pd(II),Ru(III),Rh(III),La(III),Ce(III),Dy(III) and Zr(IV) was investigated by the batch method.The batch experiments were carried out by varying the shaking times,HNO 3 concentration,and initial concentration of metal ions.Relatively large K d values above 10 5 cm 3 /g for Cs(I) were obtained in the range of 0.1-5 M HNO 3,resulting in a separation factor of Cs/Rb exceeding 10 2.In contrast,the K d values of Sr(II),Pd(II),Ru(III),La(III),Dy(III),Ce(III) and Zr(IV) were considerably lower than 50 cm 3 /g.The K d value of Cs(I) decreased in the order of the coexisting ions,H + > Na + >> NH 4 +,and a linear relationship with a slop of about 1 was obtained between log K d and log [NH 4 + ]([NH 4 + ] > 0.01 M).The adsorption of Cs(I) was found to be controlled by chemisorption mechanism,and followed a Langmuir-type adsorption equation.A high uptake percentage of 99.4% for Cs(I) was obtained by using the dissolved solutions of spent fuel from FBR-JOYO(JAEA).

An advanced partitioning process for key elements separation from high level liquid waste

To separate MA(Am,Cm) and some fission product elements(FPs) such as Tc,Pd,Cs and Sr from high level liquid waste(HLLW) systematically,we have been studying an advanced aqueous partitioning process,which uses selective adsorption as the separation method.For this process,we prepared several novel adsorbents which were immobilized in a porous silica/polymer composite support(SiO 2-P).Adsorption and separation behavior of various elements was studied experimentally in detail.Small scale separation tests using simulated HLLW solutions were carried out.Pd(II) was strongly adsorbed by the AR-01 anion exchanger and effectively eluted off by using thiourea.Successful separation of Pd(II) from simulated HLLW was achieved.Tc(VII) also exhibited strong adsorption on AR-01 and could be eluted off by using U(IV) as a reductive eluent.Am(III) presented significantly high adsorbability and selectivity onto R-BTP/SiO 2-P adsorbents over various FPs including Ln(III).The R-BTP adsorbents were fairly stable in 3 M HNO 3,but instable against-irradiation-3M HNO 3.An advanced partitioning process consisting of three separation columns for the target elements separation from HLLW was proposed and the obtained experiment results indicated that the proposed process is essentially feasible.

Electrochemical behavior and electrowinning of palladium in nitric acid media

In this study,the electrochemical behavior of Pd(II)in nitric acid media was investigated using various electrochemical techniques.By analyzing the cyclic voltammogram of Pd(II)recorded at Pt electrode,a series of electrochemical reactions associated with palladium were recognized,indicating that Pd(II)undergoes a single step two-electrons irreversible process.Electroreduction reaction of Pd(II)and auto-catalytic reactions of nitrous acid are supposed to play a leading role in low and high concentrations of nitric acid,respectively.Stirring could facilitate the reduction of Pd(II)in relatively low nitric acid concentration(3 mol/L).The value of charge transfer coefficient was determined to be 0.18 for the measurements at 298 K.The diffusion coefficient of Pd(II)increased from 1.89×10 8cm2/s at 288 K to 4.23×10 8cm2/s at 318 K,and the activation energy was calculated to be 21.5 kJ/mol.In electrowinning experiments,SEM images of palladium obtained by electrolysis reveal the dendrite growth in all cases,which is uniform all over the entire surface of Pt electrode.The recovery ratios of Pd at different nitric acid concentrations are high,and the faradic efficiency of electrolysis decreases with increasing the nitric acid concentration.When stirring was introduced during electrolysis,the electrodeposition rate of Pd increased substantially.

Challenges to develop single-column MA(Ⅲ) separation from HLLW using R-BTP type adsorbents

In order to directly separate trivalent minor actinides(MA:Am,Cm) from fission products(FP) containing rare earths(RE) in high level radioactive liquid waste(HLLW),the authors have challenged to develop a simplified MA separation process by extraction chromatography using a single column.Attention has been paid to a new type of nitrogen-donor ligands,R-BTP(2,6-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) pyridine,R:alkyl group) as an extractant because it shows high extraction selectivity for Am(Ⅲ) over RE(Ⅲ).It is known that the R-BTP ligands show different properties such as adsorbability and stability by having different alkyl groups.Therefore,some novel adsorbents were prepared by impregnating different types of R-BTP ligands(isohexyl-,isoheptyl-and cyheptyl-BTP) and a similar ligand to the R-BTP,ATP(2,6-bis(1-aryl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridines),into the porous silica/polymer support(SiO2-P particles).This work deals with comparison in adsorption and desorption properties of Am and some FP in HNO 3 solution onto such R-BTP type adsorbents,as well as chemical and radiolytic stability of the adsorbents.Then the possibility of a single-column separation of MA from main FP was pursued by evaluating the results of column experiments using the most promising adsorbent(isohexyl-BTP/SiO2-P) under temperature control.In addition,elution behaviors of U and Pd were also estimated.

Mechanism for nucleation and growth of electrochemical deposition of palladium(II) on a platinum electrode in hydrochloric acid solution

Palladium(II)and chloride ions tend to form complexes in aqueous solution.Both theoretical and experimental(by UV spectrum)results indicate that there are four complexes formed in aqueous solution containing 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid and 20mmol/L PdCl2.This work evaluates the kinetics of electrochemical deposition of palladium on a Platinum electrode.For this purpose,palladium electrodeposition was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry(CV),potentiostatic current-time transients(CTTs)and Tafel curve.By CTTs curves,the regions corresponding to the charge transfer control,mixed control and diffusion control were identified.In the diffusion control region,palladium electrodeposition mechanism was characterized as progressive nucleation with three-dimensional(3D)growth under diffusion control;as for the mixed control region,an adsorption(IAds),ion transfer(IIT),and nucleation and growth(ING)model were proposed to analyze the current-time transients quantitatively,which could separate the IAds,IIT and ING perfectly.

Selective adsorption and stable solidification of radioactive cesium ions by porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides

Development of highly functional cesium selective adsorbents for the decontamination of high-activity-level water(HALW) from the Fukushima NPP-1 accident is very urgent. In order to selectively adsorb the radioactive cesium, three kinds of novel porous silica gels loaded with insoluble ferrocyanides(SLFC) were prepared using a successive impregnation/precipitation method. Based on the results of previous research, the SLFC composites have relatively large uptake ratio above 95%, distribution coefficients(Kd) above 103 cm3/g, and excellent adsorption kinetics even in seawater. The solidification results also indicate that zeolites have an excellent Cs immobilization characteristic, gas-trapping and self-sintering abilities, and low leachability. We chose three kinds of SLFC composites to achieve the optimization of solidification by mixing with nine kinds of additives at high temperatures(up to 1200 °C). The Cs contents in the three composites were estimated to be below 30% of the initial contents and decreased with the three stages at calcination temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C. By contrast, the Cs immobilization ratio was markedly lowered by mixing with additives: of those, allophane had the best immobilization result. By increasing the additive ratio to 50 wt%, the Cs immobilization ratio became almost 100% and no volatilization of Cs was detected even after calcination at 1200 °C. This result indicates that calcination of the mixture of SLFC composites after adsorbing Cs+ ions and specific additives under appropriate ratio is effective for stable solidification.

稀土Sc对激光制备AlSi10Mg合金性能的影响

采用激光技术在2 mm光斑尺寸下制备了不同Sc含量的AlSi10Mg合金,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电子万能材料试验机等,研究了Sc含量对AlSi10Mg合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:合金组织主要为α-Al相和Si相;随着Sc的质量分数由0增加至0.2%,AlSi10Mg合金组织中的α-Al枝晶细化,并逐渐向等轴晶转变,而Si相则由纤维状向颗粒状变化,合金的致密性、力学性能和热稳定性均显著提高;当Sc的质量分数为0.2%时,合金的致密度约为98.39%,合金中出现的稀土相主要为Al3Sc,合金的显微硬度、规定塑性压缩强度Rpc0.2和形变量为25%时的抗压强度均达到最大值,相对于未添加Sc时分别提高了19.4%、23.1%、17.5%;当Sc的质量分数超过0.2%后,晶粒出现粗化现象,Sc对合金性能的优化作用减弱。激光熔化具有高能、快冷等特点,与传统工艺相比,采用激光熔化技术制备的合金的微观组织更细小,力学性能更好。稀土Sc和固溶强化的联合作用进一步提高了合金的力学性能。由于实验中的光斑尺寸偏大,因此合金的力学性能低于微米级别光斑尺寸下制备的合金。

Preface

Founded in 1935, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (IMS) is an international professional and scholastic society devoted to the development, dissemination, and application of statistics and probability.IMS China, established in 2007, promotes the participation of Chinese scholars in activities of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

Stability of isoHex-BTP/SiO_2-P adsorbent against acidic hydrolysis and γ-irradiation

Separation of trivalent minor actinides(MA(ⅡI): Am(ⅡI), Cm(ⅡI)) from fission products(FP) in high-level liquid waste(HLLW) is an important task in advanced nuclear-fuel reprocessing systems. For this purpose, an advanced aqueous partitioning process based on extraction chromatography method was studied. Because R-BTP extractants(R-BTP: 2,6-bis(5,6-dialkyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)pyridine, R = alkyl group) exhibit high selectivity for MA(ⅡI) over trivalent rare-earth elements(RE(ⅡI)), a novel adsorbent isoHex-BTP/SiO2-P was prepared by impregnating isoHex-BTP extractant into the macroporous SiO2-P support with a mean diameter of 60 μm. The stability of isoHex-BTP/SiO2-P against nitric acid and γ-irradiation was investigated. It was found that isoHex-BTP/SiO2-P adsorbent shows good adsorption affinity to Dy(ⅡI). The hydrolytic and radiolytic stability of isoHex-BTP/SiO2-P adsorbent in 0.01 mol/L HNO3 was fairly promising. However, the adsorption amount Q of Dy(ⅡI) decreased dramatically in 3 mol/L HNO3 with the increase of the absorbed dose and became nearly zero at the absorbed dose over 46 kGy. These results suggest that with the synergetic effect of radiation and acidic hydrolysis, the adsorbent instantly loses its efficacy.