Robust Principal Component Analysis Integrating Sparse and Low-Rank Priors

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimensionality reduction, but its sensitivity to feature scale and outliers limits its applicability. Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) addresses these limitations by decomposing data into a low-rank matrix capturing the underlying structure and a sparse matrix identifying outliers, enhancing robustness against noise and outliers. This paper introduces a novel RPCA variant, Robust PCA Integrating Sparse and Low-rank Priors (RPCA-SL). Each prior targets a specific aspect of the data’s underlying structure and their combination allows for a more nuanced and accurate separation of the main data components from outliers and noise. Then RPCA-SL is solved by employing a proximal gradient algorithm for improved anomaly detection and data decomposition. Experimental results on simulation and real data demonstrate significant advancements.

无监督异常检测模型的鲁棒性基准

由于生产环境的复杂性和多样性,了解无监督异常检测模型对常见降质的鲁棒性是至关重要的。为了系统地探索这个问题,我们提出一个名为MVTec-C的数据集来评估无监督异常检测模型的鲁棒性。基于这个数据集,我们探索了五种不同范式的方法的鲁棒性,包括基于重建的、基于表征相似度的、基于归一化流的、基于自监督表征学习的和基于知识蒸馏的范式。此外,我们还探讨了两种最佳的方法中不同模块对鲁棒性和准确性的影响,包括Patch Core方法中的多尺度特征、邻域大小、采样比例和Reverse Distillation方法中的多尺度特征、MMF模块与OCE模块、多尺度蒸馏。最后,我们提出了一个特征对齐模块(FAM),以减少降质带来的特征偏移,并将Patch Core和FAM结合起来,得到一个同时具备高准确率和高鲁棒性的模型。我们希望这项工作能够作为一种鲁棒性评估手段,并在将来为构建鲁棒的异常检测模型提供经验。

Dendritic tip selection during solidification of alloys:Insights from phase-field simulations

The effect of undercooling DT and the interface energy anisotropy parameter e4 on the shape of the equiaxed dendritic tip has been investigated by using a quantitative phase-field model for solidification of binary alloys.It was found that the tip radius r increases and the tip shape amplitude coefficient A4 decreases with the increase of the fitting range for all cases.The dendrite tip shape selection parameter sdecreases and then stabilizes with the increase of the fitting range,and sincreases with the increase of e4.The relationship between sand e4 follows a power-law function sµea 4,and a is independent of DT but dependent on the fitting range.Numerical results demonstrate that the predicted sis consistent with the curve of microscopic solvability theory(MST)for e4<0.02,and sobtained from our phase-field simulations is sensitive to the undercooling when e4 is fixed.

Pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis

Disease overview of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC).PBC is one of the main subgroups of chronic cholestatic liver disease.In 2015,the designation of PBC was changed from primary biliary cirrhosis to remove the“cirrhosis stigma”to more accurately reflect the disease and its natural course[1,2].PBC is a chronic cholestasis disease mediated by autoimmunity.

Changes in intracellular and extracellular proteins after ERGIC3 knockdown in lung cancer:Proteins interacting with ERGIC3,HORN,and FLNA

Objective:Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 3(ERGIC3)promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in lung cancer,but its molecular mechanism is unclear.Methods:The GLC-82 cells were randomly divided into the ERGIC3i group and the negative control group.The cells were transfected with ERGIC3 siRNA or control siRNA in the groups,respectively.The ERGIC3-interacting proteins expressed in cells or extracellularly were isolated by the immunoprecipitation method and detected by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The differentially expressed proteins were determined by bioinformatic methods.Results:After ERGIC3 knockdown,88 extracellular differentially expressed proteins,41 upregulated and 47 down-regulated,were detected in the supernatant of cultured cells.Among 52 intracellular differentially expressed proteins,33 were up-regulated and 19 down-regulated.Cluster analysis showed that the extracellular differential proteins are mainly involved in Ca2+binding and transport and I-kappa B kinase/NF-kappa B signal transduction.The upregulated proteins are mainly involved in the biological process of H3-K27 and H3-K4 methylation in cells.Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that proteins interacting with ERGIC3 were rich in cytoskeleton construction and RHO GTPases activated p21-activated kinases.The intersection of these two research methods shows that ERGIC3 interacts with HORN and filamin A(FLNA).Conclusion:Proteomic analyses reveal that ERGIC3 acts as a vesicle transmembrane protein on the distribution of various extracellular and intracellular proteins and regulates the extracellular and intracellular biological processes by specifically binding hornin(HORN)and FLNA proteins.These findings maybe provide new methods and ideas for ERGIC3 as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Advances in toxicological studies of Radix Phytolaccae

Radix Phytolaccae is the dried root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb or P.ameri-cana L,which is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases like cirrhotic ascites,hepatitis B,nephrotic syndrome,psoriasis,etc.However,there is no exact basis for its clinical application safety.In this paper,the toxic effects and mechanism of Saponin A(EsA),the main component of Radix Phytolaccae,were summarized by searching the results and reports of toxicology related to the plant from 1991 to 2023 on CNKI and pubmed,aiming to provide reference for the toxicological research and future research direction of Radix Phytolaccae,so that Radix Phytolaccae can be safely and effectively used in clinical practice.

Development of Micro Selective Laser Melting:The State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Additive manufacturing(AM)is gaining traction in the manufacturing industry for the fabrication of components with complex geometries using a variety of materials.Selective laser melting(SLM)is a common AM technique that is based on powder-bed fusion(PBF)to process metals;however,it is currently focused only on the fabrication of macroscale and mesoscale components.This paper reviews the state of the art of the SLM of metallic materials at the microscale level.In comparison with the direct writing techniques that are commonly used for micro AM,micro SLM is attractive due to a number of factors,including a faster cycle time,process simplicity,and material versatility.A comprehensive evaluation of various research works and commercial systems for the fabrication of microscale parts using SLM and selective laser sintering(SLS)is conducted.In addition to identifying existing issues with SLM at the microscale,which include powder recoating,laser optics,and powder particle size,this paper details potential future directions.A detailed review of existing recoating methods in powder-bed techniques is conducted,along with a description of emerging efforts to implement dry powder dispensing methods in the AM domain.A number of secondary finishing techniques for AM components are reviewed,with a focus on implementation for microscale features and integration with micro SLM systems.

聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能的快速评价的研究现状

聚乙烯(PE)管材的耐慢速裂纹增长性能是评价管材使用寿命的关键指标。文中概述了塑料管材典型的破坏模式,介绍了常规评价聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能的切口管试验(NPT)、全切口拉伸蠕变试验(FNCT)、宾夕法尼亚切口拉伸试验(PENT)、锥体试验(Cone)等试验方法;详细介绍了最新研发的变硬化模量法、缺口圆柱棒-循环载荷法2种新型试验方法,并比较分析了新型试验方法的优势。最后就聚乙烯管材耐慢速裂纹增长性能评价方法的发展方向进行了展望。

Phenotype of Usher syndrome type Ⅱ assosiated with compound missense mutations of c.721 C>T and c.1969 C>T in MYO7A in a Chinese Usher syndrome family

·AIM: To identify the pathogenic mutations in a Chinese pedigree affected with Usher syndrome type II(USH2).· METHODS: The ophthalmic examinations and audiometric tests were performed to ascertain the phenotype of the family. To detect the genetic defect,exons of 103 known RDs-associated genes including 12 Usher syndrome(USH) genes of the proband were captured and sequencing analysis was performed to exclude known genetic defects and find potential pathogenic mutations. Subsequently, candidate mutations were validated in his pedigree and 100 normal controls using polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Sanger sequencing.·RESULTS: The patient in the family occurred hearing loss(HL) and retinitis pigmentosa(RP) without vestibular dysfunction, which were consistent with standards of classification for USH2. He carried the compound heterozygous mutations, c.721 C 】T and c.1969 C 】T, in the MYO7 A gene and the unaffected members carried only one of the two mutations. The mutations were not present in the 100 normal controls.· CONCLUSION: We suggested that the compound heterozygous mutations of the MYO7 A could lead to USH2, which had revealed distinguished clinical phenotypes associated with MYO7 A and expanded the spectrum of clinical phenotypes of the MYO7 A mutations.

Evidence for two types of Aquilegia ecalcarata and its implications for adaptation to new environments

Spurs have played an important role in the radiation of the genus Aquilegia,but little is known about how the spurless state arose in A.ecalcarata.Here we aim to characterize the genetic divergence within A.ecalcarata and gain insights into the origin of this species.A total of 19 populations from A.ecalcarata and 23 populations from three of its closest relatives(Aquilegia kansuensis,Aquilegia rockii and Aquilegia yabeana)were sampled in this study.We sequenced fifteen nuclear gene fragments across the genome and three chloroplast loci to conduct phylogenetic,PCoA and STRUCTURE analyses.Our analyses indicate that A.ecalcarata may not be monophyletic and can be divided into two distinct lineages(A.ecalcarataⅠand A.ecalcarataⅡ).A.ecalcarataⅠis genetically close to A.kansuensis,whereas A.ecalcarataⅡis close to A.rockii.Isolation-with-migration analysis suggested that historical gene flow was low between A.ecalcarataⅠand A.rockii,as well as between A.ecalcarataⅡand A.kansuensis.The two distinct lineages of A.ecalcarata show significant divergence in 13 floral traits and also have distinct distributions.In addition,both A.ecalcarataⅠandⅡare adapted to a stony environment that differs from that of their closest relatives,indicating a habitat shift may have driven new adaptations.Our findings enrich the understanding of how floral evolution contributes to species diversification.

Oscillation and Migration of Bubbles within Ultrasonic Field

The oscillation and migration of bubbles within an intensive ultrasonic field are important issues concerning acoustic cavitation in liquids.We establish a selection map of bubble oscillation mode related to initial bubble radius and driving sound pressure under 20 kHz ultrasound and analyze the individual-bubble migration induced by the combined effects of pressure gradient and acoustic streaming.Our results indicate that the pressure threshold of stable and transient cavitation decreases with the increasing initial bubble radius.At the pressure antinode,the Bjerknes force dominates the bubble migration, resulting in the large bubbles gathering toward antinode center,whereas small bubbles escape from antinode.By contrast,at the pressure node,the bubble migration is primarily controlled by acoustic streaming,which effectively weakens the bubble adhesion on the container walls,thereby enhancing the cavitation effect in the whole liquid.

Research progress of heat-clearing and dampness-removing method to improve the inflammatory microenvironment of gout

Gout is a metabolic bone and joint disease caused by purine metabolism disorder.The disturbance of inflammatory microenvironment caused by monosodium urate(MSU)deposition is an important pathological mechanism of gout occurrence and development.In the understanding of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the interaction of"dampness","heat"and"stasis"is the main pathogenesis of gout,and the method of clearing heat and removing dampness is the main treatment method of TCM for gout.In recent years,studies have found that heat-clearing and dampness-removing method can improve the TCM symptom score of gout patients,especially in the body tiredness,dry mouth and dry throat,short yellow urine,thirsty,etc.,which are the characteristics of dampness and heat syndrome,this may be related to the fact that the TCM heat-clearing and dampness-removing method in the treatment of gout removes the appearance of dampness and heat,improves the inflammatory microenvironment of gout and restores the normal metabolic function of human body.This paper deeply explores the specific mechanism of TCM heat-clearing and dampness-removing method to improve the inflammatory microenvironment of gout,which can provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical gout.

Meta-analysis of the comparison between reduning injection and ribavirin injection for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduning injection in acute upper respiratory tract infection of children.Methods:Use computer to search PubMed,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,Weipu database(VIP)and China Biomedical studies Service System(CBM)for randomized controlled trials(RCT)of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children,and the retrieval time is from their establishment to May,2022.After two researchers independently screened the studies,extracted data and evaluated the risk bias of studies,RevMan5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis.Results:10 studies in total were included,involving 1466 patients.Results of the meta-analysis:total effective rate[RR=1.12,95%CI(1.07,1.16),P<0.00001],cure time[MD=-1.51,95%CI(-1.71,-1.32),P<0.00001],antipyretic time[MD=-1.32,95%CI(-1.72,-0.92),P<0.00001],disappearing time of nasal obstruction and nose running[MD=-1.04,95%CI(-1.45,-0.62),P<0.00001],disappearing time of cough[MD=-1.35,95%CI(-1.58,-1.13),P<0.00001],disappearing time of throat congestion[MD=-1.36,95%CI(-1.68,-1.03),P<0.00001],disappearing time of sore throat[MD=-1.55,95%CI(-1.74,-1.35),P<0.00001],the incidence of adverse reactions[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.20,0.57),P<0.0001].The differences between two groups in total effective rate,cure time,antipyretic time,disappearing time of nasal obstruction and nose running,disappearing time of cough,disappearing time of throat congestion,disappearing time of sore throat and the incidence of adverse reactions are all statistically significant(P<0.05).The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that three outcomes(total effective rate,cure time and disappearing time of sore throat)have unstable results,while others having stable results.Conclusion:Reduning injection is more effective than ribavirin injection in clinical,and it is better than ribavirin injection at relieving fever,nasal obstruction and nose running,cough and throat congestion.In addition,it’s safer in clinical than ribavirin injection.

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines and menstrual cycle length

People all across the world are getting vaccinated against the virus as Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)spreads.The possibility of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccinations has always been a source of concern[1-4].It is also unclear whether COVID-19 immunizations impact female vaccinators’menstrual cycles.Unfortunately,menstrual cycle outcomes were not collected in clinical studies of the current COVID-19 vaccines[1-4].The menstrual cycle of a woman runs from the first day of her menstruation to the first day of her next cycle.Many factors,including nutrition,sleep,and exercise,as well as illness,travel,and stress,are known to influence the length of the menstrual cycle[5].COVID-19 vaccines have caused a variety of side effects in people,including pain at the injection site,nausea,aches,fever,and fatigue.

基于深度学习辅助的智能可穿戴心血管精确监测系统

Cardiovascular diseases have become the major disease in the world, which threatens tens of millions of people’s lives [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to early detect and timely intervene the cardiovascular diseases by capturing the blood pressure to assess the cardiovascular state, thus shitting quality of life. The conventional method of evaluating heart and cardiac state can only depend on the professional device performed by the medical workers in the hospital [2]. Therefore, a smart testing system with operability and high accuracy is urgently needed to meet the fast growth in personalized demand.

Mechanism and application of an online intelligent evaluation model for energy consumption of a reheating furnace

An online model was proposed to identify the reasons behind changes in the energy consumption of the reheating furnace of a steel processing plant.The heat conversion of the furnace was analyzed and integrated with the fuel consumption of the furnace to obtain a model of the energy consumption.Combined with the mechanism analysis,the basic parameters affecting energy consumption were determined,and four key influencing factors were obtained:furnace output,furnace charging temperature,furnace tapping temperature,and steel type.The specific calculation method of the contribution of each influencing factor was derived to define the conditions of the baseline energy consumption,while the online data were used to calculate the energy value and the actual performance value of the baseline energy consumption.The contribution of each influencing factor was determined through normalization.The cloud platform was used for database reconstruction and programming to realize the online intelligent evaluation of the energy consumption of the reheating furnace.Finally,a case study of the evaluation of the practical energy consumption of a steel rolling furnace in a steel plant was presented.The intelligent evaluation results were quantified and displayed online,and the performance of the system in reducing production line energy consumption was demonstrated.

Assessing adaptation planning strategies of interconnected infrastructure under sealevel rise by economic analysis

This study assesses the commonly adopted adaptation planning strategies of infrastructures in Northwest Florida(USA)based on economic analysis under different objective years.Specifically,the economic analysis considers both direct and indirect impacts of sea level rise by deploying the interdependence of infrastructures.We demonstrate the difference and significance of considering indirect economic impacts in the process of cost-benefit analysis under sea level rise.Based on the results,we recommend that the most effective strategy is partial protection of land use plus inundated transportation network upgrade,even though the total shoreline protection can make more benefits.Furthermore,we compare the performance of objective planning year from two criteria:total benefits and cost-effectiveness.The result indicates that the year 2080 could be the most economical if it is set as the objective year for the long-term infrastructure planning.The result also highlights that the economic analysis of infrastructure should be conducted over time since the total costs are distributed over many years.It is not to say that the farther the year is,the more effectiveness the strategy would be,although the total benefits would be greater.

ICG荧光染色在肝癌腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术中的应用

目的探讨ICG荧光染色在原发性肝癌(肝癌)腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术中应用的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月解放军总医院第五医学中心行腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术的52例肝癌患者临床资料。患者均签署知情同意书,符合医学伦理学规定。其中男40例,女12例;平均年龄(56±9)岁。中国肝癌分期(CNLC)Ⅰa期34例,Ⅰb期13例,Ⅱa期5例;肿瘤直径中位数3.1(1.1~13.2)cm。术前行三维可视化重建评估,术中超声引导下行ICG荧光染色。观察术中ICG染色情况、手术和术后情况、随访情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。52例患者中45例染色成功,7例失败;其中采用反染法32例,染色失败2例,成功率94%;采用正染法20例,染色失败5例,成功率75%。手术方式包括腹腔镜右半肝切除术5例,左半肝切除术4例,右前叶切除术7例,右后叶切除术2例,肝中叶切除术2例,Ⅴ段切除术11例,Ⅵ段切除术1例,Ⅶ段切除术11例,Ⅷ段切除术9例。手术时间279(88~447)min,术中出血量200(50~500)ml。术后住院时间(9.1±3.5)d。术后出现并发症3例,其中胆漏1例,经引流后痊愈;胸腔积液1例,经胸腔穿刺引流后痊愈;肺部感染1例,予抗感染治疗后痊愈。术后未发生出血等并发症,无术后死亡。术后随访期间2例肝内复发。结论ICG荧光染色应用于腹腔镜解剖性肝切除术中安全可行。反染法成功率高,正染法尤其适用于后、上肝段等困难部位的解剖性肝段切除。

Walnut-inspired microsized porous silicon/graphene core-shell composites for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes

Silicon is considered an exceptionally promising alternative to the most commonly used material, graphite, as an anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, as it has high energy density owing to its high theoretical capacity and abundant storage. Here, microsized walnut-like porous silicon/reduced graphene oxide （P-Si/rGO） core-shell composites are successfully prepared via in situ reduction followed by a dealloying process. The composites show specific capacities of more than 2,100 mAh-g-1 at a current density of 1,000 mA-g-1, 1,600 mAh.g-1 at 2,000 mA-g-1, 1,500 mAh-g 1 at 3,000 mA-g-1, 1,200 mAh-g-1 at 4,000 mA.g-1, and 950 mAh.g~ at 5,000 mA.g-~, and maintain a value of 1,258 mAh.g-~ after 300 cycles at a current density of 1,000 mA-g 1. Their excellent rate performance and cycling stability can be attributed to the unique structural design： 1） The graphene shell dramatically improves the conductivity and stabilizes the solid- electrolyte interface layers; 2） the inner porous structure supplies sufficient space for silicon expansion; 3） the nanostructure of silicon can prevent the pulverization resulting from volume expansion stress. Notably, this in situ reduction method can be applied as a universal formula to coat graphene on almost all types of metals and alloys of various sizes, shapes, and compositions without adding any reagents to afford energy storage materials, graphene-based catalytic materials, graphene-enhanced composites, etc.

Analysis of chemical composition of melt inclusion of beryl in pegmatite and discovery of zinc-spinel by electronic probe

The compositions of daughter mineral of melt inclusion in beryls, which are from pegmatites of Keketuhai in Xinjiang and Mufushan in Hunan, have been analyzed by electronic probe. Ten kinds of mineral, such as beryl, zinc-spinel, mica, quartz, magnetite, etc., which consist of different mineral associations have been identified. The zinc-spinel existing in two dif-