Osteoid plays a crucial role in directing cell behavior and osteogenesis through its unique characteristics,including viscoelasticity and liquid crystal(LC)state.Thus,integrating osteoid-like features into 3D printing...Osteoid plays a crucial role in directing cell behavior and osteogenesis through its unique characteristics,including viscoelasticity and liquid crystal(LC)state.Thus,integrating osteoid-like features into 3D printing scaffolds proves to be a promising approach for personalized bone repair.Despite extensive research on viscoelasticity,the role of LC state in bone repair has been largely overlooked due to the scarcity of suitable LC materials.Moreover,the intricate interplay between LC state and viscoelasticity in osteogenesis remains poorly understood.Here,we developed innovative hydrogel scaffolds with osteoid-like LC state and viscoelasticity using digital light processing with a custom LC ink.By utilizing these LC scaffolds as 3D research models,we discovered that LC state mediates high protein clustering to expose accessible RGD motifs to trigger cell-protein interactions and osteogenic differentiation,while viscoelasticity operates via mechanotransduction pathways.Additionally,our investigation revealed a synergistic effect between LC state and viscoelasticity,amplifying cellprotein interactions and osteogenic mechanotransduction processes.Furthermore,the interesting mechanochromic response observed in the LC hydrogel scaffolds suggests their potential application in mechanosensing.Our findings shed light on the mechanisms and synergistic effects of LC state and viscoelasticity in osteoid on osteogenesis,offering valuable insights for the biomimetic design of bone repair scaffolds.展开更多
Urea is widely used as fertilizer and is a key substance supporting global food production. However, the traditional industrial synthesis of urea faces the challenges with high energy consumption and serious environme...Urea is widely used as fertilizer and is a key substance supporting global food production. However, the traditional industrial synthesis of urea faces the challenges with high energy consumption and serious environmental problems. With the increasing global demand for environmental protection and sustainable development, it is much necessary to develop novel and clean methods for the synthesis of urea.Electrocatalysis provides an efficient and renewable synthesis route that can directly produce urea at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by the coupling of CO_(2) and nitrogenous molecules. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in electrochemical synthesis of urea via CAN coupling systematically, focusing on the coupling of CO_(2) and different nitrogen sources. And the associated coupling mechanism, catalysts optimization, and electrolyzer design are well discussed. Moreover, the challenges and future directions for electrocatalytic CAN coupling are prospected. This review will provide timely and valuable guidance for others and attract more interests to promote the development of electrochemical synthesis of urea or other valuable chemicals containing CAN bond.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771047)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022A1515010592and 2023A1515010107)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Areas R&D Programs(2022B1111080007)the Key Areas Research and Development Program of Guangzhou(202103030003)the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs for Doctoral Students of Jinan University(2023CXB013).
文摘Osteoid plays a crucial role in directing cell behavior and osteogenesis through its unique characteristics,including viscoelasticity and liquid crystal(LC)state.Thus,integrating osteoid-like features into 3D printing scaffolds proves to be a promising approach for personalized bone repair.Despite extensive research on viscoelasticity,the role of LC state in bone repair has been largely overlooked due to the scarcity of suitable LC materials.Moreover,the intricate interplay between LC state and viscoelasticity in osteogenesis remains poorly understood.Here,we developed innovative hydrogel scaffolds with osteoid-like LC state and viscoelasticity using digital light processing with a custom LC ink.By utilizing these LC scaffolds as 3D research models,we discovered that LC state mediates high protein clustering to expose accessible RGD motifs to trigger cell-protein interactions and osteogenic differentiation,while viscoelasticity operates via mechanotransduction pathways.Additionally,our investigation revealed a synergistic effect between LC state and viscoelasticity,amplifying cellprotein interactions and osteogenic mechanotransduction processes.Furthermore,the interesting mechanochromic response observed in the LC hydrogel scaffolds suggests their potential application in mechanosensing.Our findings shed light on the mechanisms and synergistic effects of LC state and viscoelasticity in osteoid on osteogenesis,offering valuable insights for the biomimetic design of bone repair scaffolds.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22202065, 22075092 and U21A20500)。
文摘Urea is widely used as fertilizer and is a key substance supporting global food production. However, the traditional industrial synthesis of urea faces the challenges with high energy consumption and serious environmental problems. With the increasing global demand for environmental protection and sustainable development, it is much necessary to develop novel and clean methods for the synthesis of urea.Electrocatalysis provides an efficient and renewable synthesis route that can directly produce urea at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by the coupling of CO_(2) and nitrogenous molecules. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in electrochemical synthesis of urea via CAN coupling systematically, focusing on the coupling of CO_(2) and different nitrogen sources. And the associated coupling mechanism, catalysts optimization, and electrolyzer design are well discussed. Moreover, the challenges and future directions for electrocatalytic CAN coupling are prospected. This review will provide timely and valuable guidance for others and attract more interests to promote the development of electrochemical synthesis of urea or other valuable chemicals containing CAN bond.
