Effect of RBM10 on regulating the proliferation and metastasis activity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by affecting the stability of miR-21

In recent decades,RNA binding motif(RBM)proteins have been widespread concerned by researchers.Among them,RBM5 is considered as a potential tumor suppressor gene in HCC.RBM10,also belonging to the RBM family,have similar structure and high homology with RBM5,indicating its potential as potential tumor suppressor genes.However,the role of RBM10 in tumors is controversial.The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression correlation and functional relationship of miR-21 and RBM10 in human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and corresponding tumor cells.Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-21 and RBM10 were both highly expressed in HCC;similarly,the expression levels of miR-21 and RBM10 in HCC cells were significantly higher than those in normal hepatocytes.There was a positive correlation between miR-21 and RBM10.Furthermore,knockdown of RBM10 inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of SNU-398 cells,and simultaneous overexpression of miR-21 attenuated this inhibitory effect.Meanwhile,overexpressing RBM10 could promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of Hep G2 cells;while the stability of miR-21 could be reduced by knocking down RBM10.On the whole,the findings of this study indicate that RBM10 is involved in regulating the function and activity of human HCC cells by affecting the stability of miR-21.RBM10 cannot be simply summarized as a tumor suppressor or oncogene.Further studies are needed to clarify the role of RBM10 in tumors.

Root exudates increased arsenic mobility and altered microbial community in paddy soils

Root exudates are crucial for plants returning organic matter to soils,which is assumed to be a major source of carbon for the soil microbial community.This study investigated the influence of root exudates on the fate of arsenic(As)with a lab simulation experiment.Our findings suggested that root exudates had a dose effect on the soil physicochemical properties,As speciation transformation and the microbial community structure at different concentrations.The addition of root exudates increased the soil pH while decreased the soil redox potential(Eh).These changes in the soil pH and Eh increased As and ferrous(Fe(Ⅱ))concentrations in soil porewater.Results showed that 40 mg/L exudates addition significantly increased arsenite(As(Ⅲ))and arsenate(As(Ⅴ))by 541 and 10 times respectively within 30 days in soil porewater.The relative abundance of Fe(Ⅲ)-reducing bacteria Geobacter and Anaeromyxobacter increased with the addition of root exudates,which enhanced microbial Fe reduction.Together these results suggest that investigating how root exudates affect the mobility and transformation of As in paddy soils is helpful to systematically understand the biogeochemical cycle of As in soil-rice system,which is of great significance for reducing the health risk of soil As contamination.

On the origin of SARS-CoV-2——The blind watchmaker argument

In the comparison with SARS-CoVof 2003,SARS-CoV-2 is extremely well adapted to the human populations and its adaptive shift from the animal host to humans must have been even more extensive.By the blind watchmaker argument,such an adaptive shift can only happen prior to the onset of the current pandemic and with the aid of step-by-step selection.

Delineating the longitudinal tumor evolution using organoid models

Cancer is an evolutionary process fueled by genetic or epigenetic alterations in the genome.Understanding the evolutionary dynamics that are operative at different stages of tumor progression might inform effective strategies in early detection,diagnosis,and treatment of cancer.However,our understanding on the dynamics of tumor evolution through time is very limited since it is usually impossible to sample patient tumors repeatedly.The recent advances in in vitro 3D organoid culture technologies have opened new avenues for the development of more realistic human cancer models that mimic many in vivo biological characteristics in human tumors.Here,we review recent progresses and challenges in cancer genomic evolution studies and advantages of using tumor organoids to study cancer evolution.We propose to establish an experimental evolution model based on continuous passages of patient-derived organoids and longitudinal sampling to study clonal dynamics and evolutionary patterns over time.Development and integration of population genetic theories and computational models into time-course genomic data in tumor organoids will help to pinpoint the key cellular mechanisms underlying cancer evolutionary dynamics,thus providing novel insights on therapeutic strategies for highly dynamic and heterogeneous tumors.

Population genomic analysis reveals distinct demographics and recent adaptation in the black flying fox(Pteropus alecto)

As the only mammalian group capable of powered flight,bats have many unique biological traits.Previous comparative genomic studies in bats have focused on long-term evolution.However,the microevolutionary processes driving recent evolution are largely under-explored.Using resequencing data from 50 black flying foxes(Pteropus alecto),one of the model species for bats,we find that black flying fox has much higher genetic diversity and lower levels of linkage disequilibrium than most of the mammalian species.Demographic inference reveals strong population fluctuations(>100 fold)coinciding with multiple historical events including the last glacial change and Toba super eruption,suggesting that the black flying fox is a very resilient species with strong recovery abilities.While long-term adaptation in the black flying fox is enriched in metabolic genes,recent adaptation in the black flying fox has a unique landscape where recently selected genes are not strongly enriched in any functional category.The demographic history and mode of adaptation suggest that black flying fox might be a well-adapted species with strong evolutionary resilience.Taken together,this study unravels a vibrant landscape of recent evolution for the black flying fox and sheds light on several unique evolutionary processes for bats comparing to other mammalian groups.

Ancient DNA reveals the maternal genetic history of East Asian domestic pigs

Zoo-archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that pigs were domesticated independently in Central China and Eastern Anatolia along with the development of agricultural communities and civilizations.However,the genetic history of domestic pigs,especially in China,has not been fully explored.In this study,we generate 42 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from~7500-to 2750-year-old individuals from the Yellow River basin.Our results show that the maternal genetic continuity of East Asian domestic pigs dates back to at least the Early to Middle Neolithic.In contrast,the Near Eastern ancestry in European domestic pigs saw a near-complete genomic replacement by the European wild boar.The majority of East Asian domestic pigs share close haplotypes,and the most recent common ancestor of most branches dates back to less than 20,000 years before present,inferred using new substitution rates of whole mitogenomes or combined protein-coding regions.Two major population expansion events of East Asian domestic pigs coincided with changes in climate,widespread adoption of introduced crops,and the development of agrarian societies.These findings add to our understanding of the maternal genetic composition and help to complete the picture of domestic pig evolutionary history in East Asia.