GRIK1 promotes glioblastoma malignancy and is a novel prognostic factor of poor prognosis

Primary tumors of the central nervous system(CNS)are classified into over 100 different histological types.The most common type of glioma is derived from astrocytes,and the most invasive glioblastoma(WHO IV)accounts for over 57%of these tumors.Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most common and fatal tumor of the CNS,with strong growth and invasion capabilities,which makes complete surgical resection almost impossible.Despite various treatment methods such as surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy,glioma is still an incurable disease,and the median survival time of patients with GBM is shorter than 15 months.Thus,molecular mechanisms of GBM characteristic invasive growth need to be clarified to improve the poor prognosis.Glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1(GRIK1)is essential for brain function and is involved in many mental and neurological diseases.However,GRIK1’s pathogenic roles and mechanisms in GBM are still unknown.Single-nuclear RNA sequencing of primary and recurrent GBM samples revealed that GRIK1 expression was noticeably higher in the recurrent samples.Moreover,immunohistochemical staining of an array of GBM samples showed that high levels of GRIK1 correlated with poor prognosis of GBM,consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Knockdown of GRIK1 retarded GBM cells growth,migration,and invasion.Taken together,these findings show that GRIK1 is a unique and important component in the development of GBM and may be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy in individuals with GBM.

Clinical and Pathological Studies of Meningioma-Glioma Mixed Tumor

Meningioma-glioma mixed tumor is rare central nervous system tumor. It is necessary to study its clinical and pathological characteristics as well as its possible genesis. This case was a 54-year-old man who was readmitted for recurrent glioma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a big mass in right temporal lobe which was confirmed as meningioma-glioma by immunohistochemical analysis. Specific immunohistochemical staining is significant in tumor differential diagnosis, and helps to confirm tumor histic origin. By pathological studies, we found that glioma could stimulate adjacent normal meninges into neoplastic proliferation.

Continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage by spinal puncture for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after pituitary adenoma surgery

Objective： Cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） rhinorrhea may be a serious complication after neurosurgery. Some of them can be treated conservatively by continuous CSF drainage with a lumbar subarachnoid catheter. On the other hand, spinal puncture may result in headache by CSF leakage. Methods： Present a 17-year-old female who suffered from CSF rhinorrhea after pituitary surgery was treated by making use of spinal puncture after failed catheter drainage. Results： The patient was successfully treated by this way. Conclusion： Spinal puncture by 16-gauge Touhy needle seems to be a possible way to substitute the traditional continuous lumbar subarachnoid catheter to drain the CSF in patients with rhinorrhea.