In this study,we present a method for free-space beam shaping and steering based on a silicon optical phased array,which addresses the theoretical limitation of traditional bulk optics.We theoretically analyze the bea...In this study,we present a method for free-space beam shaping and steering based on a silicon optical phased array,which addresses the theoretical limitation of traditional bulk optics.We theoretically analyze the beam propagation properties with changes in the applied phase.Different beam profiles can be shaped by varying the phase combination,while a high-order quasi-Bessel beam can be generated with a cubic change to the phase modulation.The simulated results are validated further experimentally,and they match one another well.Beam steering can be achieved with a field of view as large as 140°,which has potential benefits for practical applications.The presented method is expected to have broad application prospects for optical communications,free-space optical interconnects,and light detection and ranging.展开更多
Current influenza vaccines need to be updated annually owing to constant antigenic drift in the globular head of the viral surface hemagglutinin(HA)glycoprotein.The immunogenic subdominant stem domain of HA is highly ...Current influenza vaccines need to be updated annually owing to constant antigenic drift in the globular head of the viral surface hemagglutinin(HA)glycoprotein.The immunogenic subdominant stem domain of HA is highly conserved and can be recognized by antibodies capable of binding multiple HA subtypes.Therefore,the HA stem antigen is a promising target for the design of universal influenza vaccines.On the basis of an established lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform,we designed and developed a novel universal influenza mRNA vaccine(mHAs)encoding the HA stem antigen of the influenza A(H1N1)virus.We tested the efficacy of the mHAs vaccine using a mouse model.The vaccine induced robust humoral and specific cellular immune responses against the stem region of HA.Importantly,two doses of the mHAs vaccine fully protected mice from lethal challenges of the heterologous H1N1 and heterosubtypic H5N8 influenza viruses.Vacci-nated mice had less pathological lung damage and lower viral titers than control mice.These results suggest that an mRNA vaccine using the conserved stem region of HA may provide effective protection against seasonal and other possible influenza variants.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0107400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11727812,11774235,11904232,11933005,61705130)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23010503600,23530730500)Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(GZ2020015)。
文摘In this study,we present a method for free-space beam shaping and steering based on a silicon optical phased array,which addresses the theoretical limitation of traditional bulk optics.We theoretically analyze the beam propagation properties with changes in the applied phase.Different beam profiles can be shaped by varying the phase combination,while a high-order quasi-Bessel beam can be generated with a cubic change to the phase modulation.The simulated results are validated further experimentally,and they match one another well.Beam steering can be achieved with a field of view as large as 140°,which has potential benefits for practical applications.The presented method is expected to have broad application prospects for optical communications,free-space optical interconnects,and light detection and ranging.
基金supported by the Key Collaborative Research Program of the 14 Alliance of International Science Organ-izations(Grant No.ANSO‐CR‐SP‐2020‐05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32170068).
文摘Current influenza vaccines need to be updated annually owing to constant antigenic drift in the globular head of the viral surface hemagglutinin(HA)glycoprotein.The immunogenic subdominant stem domain of HA is highly conserved and can be recognized by antibodies capable of binding multiple HA subtypes.Therefore,the HA stem antigen is a promising target for the design of universal influenza vaccines.On the basis of an established lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA vaccine platform,we designed and developed a novel universal influenza mRNA vaccine(mHAs)encoding the HA stem antigen of the influenza A(H1N1)virus.We tested the efficacy of the mHAs vaccine using a mouse model.The vaccine induced robust humoral and specific cellular immune responses against the stem region of HA.Importantly,two doses of the mHAs vaccine fully protected mice from lethal challenges of the heterologous H1N1 and heterosubtypic H5N8 influenza viruses.Vacci-nated mice had less pathological lung damage and lower viral titers than control mice.These results suggest that an mRNA vaccine using the conserved stem region of HA may provide effective protection against seasonal and other possible influenza variants.
