Proteo-transcriptomic profiles reveal key regulatory pathways and functions of LDHA in the ovulation of domestic chickens(Gallus gallus)

Background In poultry, the smooth transition of follicles from the preovulatory-to-postovulatory phase impacts egg production in hens and can benefit the poultry industry. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying follicular ovulation in avians is a complex biological process that remains unclear.Results Critical biochemical events involved in ovulation in domestic chickens(Gallus gallus) were evaluated by transcriptomics, proteomics, and in vitro assays. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the largest preovulatory follicle(F1) and postovulatory follicle(POF1) in continuous laying(CL) and intermittent laying(IL) chickens indicated the greatest difference between CL_F1 and IL_F1, with 950 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and the smallest difference between CL_POF1 and IL_POF1, with 14 DEGs. Additionally, data-independent acquisition proteomics revealed 252 differentially abundant proteins between CL_F1 and IL_F1. Perivitelline membrane synthesis, steroid biosynthesis, lysosomes, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified as pivotal pathways contributing to ovulation regulation. In particular, the regulation of zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3, plasminogen activator, cathepsin A, and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA) was shown to be essential for ovulation. Furthermore, the inhibition of LDHA decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis of ovarian follicles in vitro.Conclusions This study reveals several important biochemical events involved in the process of ovulation, as well as crucial role of LDHA. These findings improve our understanding of ovulation and its regulatory mechanisms in avian species.

Polysaccharide-rich extract of Potentilla anserina ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid-induced HepG2 cells and high-fat/sugar diet-fed mice

Potentilla anserina L.(PA)belongs to the Rosaceae family,is a common edible plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau areas of China.This study elucidates the mechanism upon which crude polysaccharide of PA(PAP)on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid(OA)and high fat high sugar induced mice.The result revealed that PAP inhibited lipid accumulation in obese mice and ameliorated the degree of damage in OA-induced HepG2 cells.Specifically,compared to the control group,the TG and TC levels were decreased in cells and mice serum,the aspartate transaminase and alamine aminotransferase contents were declined in liver of obese mice by PAP treatment.The expressions of adipogenic genes of SREBP-1c,C/EBPα,PPARγ,and FAS were inhibited after PAP treatment.Moreover,PAP increased the mRNA levels of CPT-1 and PPARα,which were involved in fatty acid oxidation.The present results indicated the PAP could alleviate the damage of liver associated with obesity and PAP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic option for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Fault DiagnosisMethod of Energy Storage Unit of Circuit Breakers Based on EWT-ISSA-BP

Aiming at the problem of energy storage unit failure in the spring operating mechanism of low voltage circuit breakers(LVCBs).A fault diagnosis algorithm based on an improved Sparrow Search Algorithm(ISSA)optimized Backpropagation Neural Network(BPNN)is proposed to improve the operational safety of LVCB.Taking the 1.5kV/4000A/75kA LVCB as an example.According to the current operating characteristics of the energy storage motor,fault characteristics are extracted based on Empirical Wavelet Transform(EWT).Traditional BPNN has problems such as difficulty adjusting network weights and thresholds,being sensitive to initial weights,and quickly falling into local optimal solutions.The Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)with self-adjusting weight factors combined with bidirectional mutations is added to optimize the selection of BPNN hyperparameters.The results show that the ISSA-BPNN can accurately and quickly distinguish six conditions of motor voltage reduction:motor voltage increase,motor voltage decrease,energy storage spring stuck,transmission gear stuck,regular state and energy storage spring not locked.It is suitable for fault diagnosis and detection of the energy storage part of LVCB.

可见光介导多组分一锅法合成仲胺化合物及其机理探究

将有机光化学领域的前沿研究引入到本科实验教学中,以苯甲醛、苯胺和4-异丙基-1,4-二氢吡啶作为起始原料,在温和条件下进行可见光介导的一锅法串联反应,实现了仲胺化合物的制备。实验具有原料廉价易得、反应条件温和、安全性高、操作简单等特点,同时融入绿色化学理念和有机合成方法学的实验探究过程,适用于本科实验教学,可帮助学生在熟练实验操作的同时,增强对光化学反应、一锅法串联反应、自由基反应等知识的理解。本实验将新的科研成果转化为人才培养内容,有助于提高学生的科研创新与实践能力。

大港探区上古生界烃源岩热史模拟——以泊古1井为例

泊古1井位于渤海湾盆地中部的大港探区，沧县隆起西南侧泊头市附近。运用镜质体反射率（Ro）对大港探区上古生界烃源岩进行了热演化模拟并分析其生烃期次。研究表明，大港探区古生代热流值较低，到三叠纪（225Ma）受印支运动的影响热流值持续升高，后因地层抬升剥蚀，热流值开始下降，直至渐新世末（25Ma），随后热流值趋于平稳。印支、燕山、喜山3大构造运动造成的不整合面上地层剥蚀量分别为3600、1000、300m。泊古1井上古生界太原组烃源岩在中三叠世末期（z39Ma}进入生烃门限，227Ma达到生油高峰期，后期地层多次沉降抬升，现今处于成熟早期阶段；山西组烃源岩成熟度演化历程与太原组基本相似，但比太原组的演化程度略低一些。晚三叠世为主要生排烃期。

Highly Efficient Adsorption of Copper Ions by a PVP-Reduced Graphene Oxide Based On a New Adsorptions Mechanism

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide was prepared by modified hummers method and was used as adsorbent for removing Cu ions from wastewater. The effects of contact time and ions concentration on adsorption capacity were examined. The maximum adsorption capacity of 1689 mg/g was observed at an initial p H value of 3.5 after agitating for 10 min. It was demonstrated that polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide had a huge adsorption capacity for Cu ions, which was 10 times higher than maximal value reported in previous works. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed by density functional theory. It demonstrates that Cu ions are attracted to surface of reduced graphene oxide by C atoms in reduced graphene oxide modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone through physisorption processes, which may be responsible for the higher adsorption capacity. Our results suggest that polyvinylpyrrolidone-reduced graphene oxide is an effective adsorbent for removing Cu ions in wastewater. It also provides a new way to improve the adsorption capacity of reduced graphene oxide for dealing with the heavy metal ion in wastewater.

Comparison of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana under water stress

This study aims to investigate the protective roles of photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative systems in the desiccation tolerance of Sophora moorcroftiana and Caragana maximovicziana as they adapt to arid environments. A variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in the leaves of two Leguminosae species were monitored for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of drought stress. Soil water content decreased from 38.58% to 7.33% after exposure to 28 d of water stress. The photosynthetic carbon-assimilation rates of the two Leguminosae plants decreased for non-stomatal limitation with processing water stress. The malondialdehyde content and cell membrane relative conductivity of the two species increased significantly from 1 to 21 d and then decreased. S. moorcroftiana showed higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities than C. maximovicziana during the 28 d treatment period. However, the catalase activities and proline content of C. maximovicziana were higher than those of S. moorcroftiana before the water stress treatment reached 21 d. Nine physiological and biochemical parameters were selected to comprehensively evaluate the two species＇ drought-resistance by the membership function values（MFV）. The mean MFV indicated that S. moorcroftiana has a relatively stronger drought defense capability than C. maximovicziana. S. moorcroftiana mainly uses carbon-assimilation rate and osmotic adjustment to combat water deficiency.

以人为中心的养老机构照护环境问卷-工作人员版的信效度研究

[目的]引入并汉化以人为中心的环境问卷-工作人员版(Person-centred Climate Questionnaire-staff version,PCQ-S),并检验其信效度。[方法]使用Brislin双人翻译-回译的方法形成中文版PCQ-S;采用整群随机抽样的方法对26所养老机构294名护理人员进行调查,检测其信效度。[结果]中文版PCQ-S共14个条目,项目分析各条目临界比值均有统计学意义(P<0.05),各条目得分与总分的相关系数均达0.5以上;探索性因子分析共提取安全、日常状态、团体3个公因子,累积贡献率为63.79%,验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好。问卷Cronbach’sα系数为0.91,分半信度为0.84,重测信度为0.79(P<0.01)。问卷条目水平的内容效度指数(ICVI)为0.8~1.0,问卷水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.99。[结论]中文版PCQ-S具有良好的信效度,可作为测量国内养老机构以人为中心照护环境的评估工具。

“OBE理念+课程思政”背景下的有机化学课程教学模式探索

当前,社会对高校应用型人才培养提出了更高的要求,OBE (成果导向教育)则是为适应此需求而产生的一种国际先进教育理念。有机化学是药学相关专业的核心基础课程,由于其自身内容繁多、理论分散,加之传统课堂教学的局限,导致培养的大部分毕业生并不能很好地满足社会的用人需求。因此,在“立德树人”背景下,将OBE的成果导向、学生为中心及持续改进三大教育理念引入到本课程教学中,从明确课程目标、优化授课内容等方面对本课程进行改革和探索。旨在全面提高有机化学教学质量,为社会输送复合型、创新型药学优秀人才打下坚实基础。

Patterned catalyst layer boosts the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells by optimizing water management

Mass transport is crucial to the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells,especially at high current densities.Generally,the oxygen and the generated water share same transmission medium but move towards opposite direction,which leads to serious mass transfer problems.Herein,a series of patterned catalyst layer were prepared with a simple one-step impressing method using nylon sieves as templates.With grooves 100μm in width and 8μm in depth on the surface of cathode catalyst layer,the maximum power density of fuel cell increases by 10%without any additional durability loss while maintaining a similar electrochemical surface area.The concentration contours calculated by finite element analysis reveal that the grooves built on the surface of catalyst layer serve to accumulate the water nearby while oxygen tends to transfer through relatively convex region,which results from capillary pressure difference caused by the pore structure difference between the two regions.The separation of oxidant gas and generated water avoids mass confliction thus boosts mass transport efficiency.

Phenotypic analysis and molecular characterization of an allelic mutant of the D61 gene in rice

Brassinosteroids(BRs) are a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones that play important roles in multiple biological processes. In this paper, a classic rice mutant gsor300084,showing erect leaves and semi-dwarf stature, was characterized. Morphological analysis in darkness showed that the mesocotyl of the gsor300084 mutant did not elongate when grown in darkness. Coleoptile elongation and root growth were less affected by the exogenous application of brassinolide(BL), the most active form of BR, in gsor300084 than in the wild-type rice variety Matsumae. Lamina joint bending analysis also showed that gsor300084 was less sensitive to exogenous BL than Matsumae. These results suggested that the gsor300084 mutant is defective in BR sensitivity. Map-based cloning indicated that gsor300084 is a novel allelic mutant of the DWARF61(D61) gene, which encodes the putative BR receptor OsBRI1. A single-base mutation appears in the LRR domain of OsBRI1, changing the 444 th amino acid from tryptophan(W) to arginine(R). Subcellular localization analysis suggested that both the wild-type and mutant OsBRI1 protein are localized at the cytoplasmic membrane. Structure modeling revealed that the W444 R substitution may affect the perception of BRs by the LRR domain.

CircDOCK7 facilitates the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes through the gga‑miR‑301b‑3p/ACSL1 axis

Background Abdominal fat deposition depends on both the proliferation of preadipocytes and their maturation into adipocytes,which is a well-orchestrated multistep process involving many regulatory molecules.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have emergingly been implicated in mammalian adipogenesis.However,circRNA-mediated regulation in chicken adipogenesis remains unclear.Our previous circRNA sequencing data identified a differentially expressed novel circRNA,8:27,886,180|27,889,657,during the adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of circDOCK7 in the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,and explore its molecular mechanisms of competing endogenous RNA underlying chicken adipogenesis.Results Our results showed that 8:27,886,180|27,889,657 is an exonic circRNA derived from the head-to-tail splicing of exons 19–22 of the dedicator of cytokinesis 7(DOCK7)gene,abbreviated as circDOCK7.CircDOCK7 is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and is stable because of its RNase R resistance and longer half-life.CircDOCK7 is significantly upregulated in the abdominal fat tissues of fat chickens compared to lean chickens,and its expression gradually increases during the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Functionally,the gain-and loss-of-function experiments showed that circDOCK7 promoted proliferation,G0/G1-to S-phase progression,and glucose uptake capacity of chicken abdominal preadipocytes,in parallel with adipogenic differentiation characterized by remarkably increased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and triglyceride and acetyl coenzyme A content in differentiated chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Mechanistically,a pull-down assay and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circDOCK7 interacted with gga-miR-301b-3p,which was identified as an inhibitor of chicken abdominal adipogenesis.Moreover,the ACSL1 gene was demonstrated to be a direct target of gga-miR-301b-3p.Chicken ACSL1 protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of chicken abdominal preadipocytes and acts as an adipogenesis accelerator.Rescue experiments showed that circDOCK7 could counteract the inhibitory effects of gga-miR-301b-3p on ACSL1 mRNA abundance as well as the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of chicken abdominal preadipocytes.Conclusions CircDOCK7 serves as a miRNA sponge that directly sequesters gga-miR-301b-3p away from the ACSL1 gene,thus augmenting adipogenesis in chickens.These findings may elucidate a new regulatory mechanism underlying abdominal fat deposition in chickens.

Treatment of compost leachate by the combination of coagulation and membrane process

This study describes the treatment of composting leachate by the combination of coagulation and nanofiltration process. Poly ferric sulfate （PSF） was used as coagulant, and the effect of pH value and PSF dosage on the coagulation performance was investigated. The results indicated that the chemical oxidation demand （COD） and turbidity removal efficiency could reach to 62.8% and 75.3%, respectively at an optimum dosage of 1200 mg·L-1 at pH 6,0. During the nanofiltration process, the operation conditions such as temperature and pressure were optimized, 89.7% of COD, 78.2% of TOC, 72,5% of TN, 83,2% of TP, and 78,6% of NH3-N were retained when tested at 0.6 MPa at 25 ℃. The final leachate effluent concentration of COD, BODs, NH3-N, TOC, SS was 92 mg.L 1, 31 mg,L 1 21 mg.L 1, 73 mg·L-1 and 23 mg·L -1, respectively, which reached the local discharge standard. The combination of coagulation-filtration is useful for composting leachate treatment.

Combined molecular docking, homology modeling and DFTmethod for the modification of bovine serum albumin (BSA) toimprove fluorescence spectroscopy for phthalate acid esterschelated with BSA

While phthalate acid esters(PAEs)cannot fluoresce alone,they can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy after chelation with bovine serum albumin(BSA).In this study,the types of amino acid residues at the active site of PAEs chelated with BSA were determined using molecular docking technology.A modification scheme of BSA with higher detection sensitivity fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs was proposed based on the docking results and constructed for a novel BSA structure with a higher detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy using a homologous modeling method.Density functional theory(DFT)was employed to explore the influence before and after BSA modification on PAEs’detection through fluorescence spectroscopy.The results showed that the docking scores between BSAs and dimethyl phthalate(DMP),dibutyl phthalate(DBP)and di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP)were increased up to 26.45%,16.82%and 16.30%,respectively,indicating that the active site modification of BSA could enhance the binding affinity between BSA and PAEs.The fluorescence intensity of PAEs chelated with modified BSAs were calculated.The fluorescence intensity of fluorescence spectroscopy for DMP,DBP and DNOP chelated with BSAs after modification was increased up to 2.8-,104.51-and 62.43-fold,respectively,which achieved the purpose of theoretically modifying BSA to improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence spectroscopy for PAEs.

Speed Spatial Distribution Models for Traffic Accident Section of Freeway Based on Computer Simulation

Simulation models for accident section on freeway are built in microscopic traffic flow simulation environment. In these models involving 2-lane,3-lane and 4-lane freeway,one detector is set every 10 m to measure section running speed. According to the simulation results,speed spatial distribution curves for traffic accident section on freeway are drawn which help to determine dangerous sections on upstream of accident section. Furthermore,the speed spatial distribution models are obtained for every speed distribution curve. The results provide theoretical basis for determination on temporal and spatial influence ranges of traffic accident and offer reference to formulation of speed limit scheme and other management measures.

Widely Untargeted Metabolome Profiling Provides Insight into Browning and Nutritional Quality Changes in Short-Term Stored Fresh-Cut Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)Shreds

Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)is susceptible to enzymatic browning after fresh processing,resulting in color change and potential alteration in the nutritional quality.In this study,a popular potato cultivar,Feiwuruita,was used to profile the metabolites involved in color and nutritional quality changes in fresh shreds stored at 0 and 4 h at 25°C(designated CK and CK4H,respectively).The shreds turned brown within 4 h of storage.In all,723 metabolites consisting 12 classes of compounds were detected in the samples,largely lipids,phenolic acids,alkaloids,amino acids and derivatives,flavonoids,organic acids,nucleotides and derivatives.Of these,163 metabolites accumulated differentially between CK and CK4H shreds.Polyphenolic compounds(phenolic acids and flavonoids)mostly increased in the shreds after 4 h storage.Conversely,the short-term storage drastically reduced lipid compounds(25 LysoPC and 19 LysoPE),while essential alkaloids and terpenoid compounds that are beneficial to human health increased in accumulation.The findings present global metabolome and nutritional composition changes in short-term stored shreds of Feiwuruita.This study provides important foundation for future studies on browning prevention/reduction and for better utilization of Feiwuruita.

Investigation of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) thick films grown on c-plane sapphire via carbothermal reduction

We investigated the influence of the growth temperature, O_(2) flow, molar ratio between Ga_(2)O_(3) powder and graphite powder on the structure and morphology of the films grown on the c-plane sapphire(0001) substrates by a carbothermal reduction method. Experimental results for the heteroepitaxial growth of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) illustrate that β-Ga_(2)O_(3) growth by the carbothermal reduction method can be controlled. The optimal result was obtained at a growth temperature of 1050 °C. The fastest growth rate of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) films was produced when the O_(2) flow was 20 sccm. To guarantee that β-Ga_(2)O_(3) films with both high-quality crystal and morphology properties, the ideal molar ratio between graphite powder and Ga_(2)O_(3) powder should be set at 10 : 1.

Fault Diagnosis of Wind Turbine Generator with Stacked Noise Reduction Autoencoder Based on Group Normalization

In order to improve the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbines,a stacked noise reduction autoencoding network based on group normalization is proposed in this paper.The network is based on SCADA data of wind turbine operation,firstly,the group normalization(GN)algorithm is added to solve the problems of stack noise reduction autoencoding network training and slow convergence speed,and the RMSProp algorithm is used to update the weight and the bias of the autoenccoder,which further optimizes the problem that the loss function swings too much during the update process.Finally,in the last layer of the network,the softmax activation function is used to classify the results,and the output of the network is transformed into a probability distribution.The selected wind turbine SCADA data was substituted into the pre-improved and improved stacked denoising autoencoding(SDA)networks for comparative training and verification.The results show that the stacked denoising autoencoding network based on group normalization is more accurate and effective for wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis,and also provides a reference for wind turbine fault identification.

Evaluating Influential Factors on the Duration of Vehicle Fire Incidents Using Grey Relational Analysis

The duration of vehicle fire incidents has been closely associated with incidents loss. Understanding the influential priority of factors is significant to take targeted countermeasures for the managements. Based on the database from WSDOT （Washington Department of Transportation） in USA, we analyze the probability distribution of the vehicle fire accidents＇ duration. Then we classify the influential factors into the first-grade factors including three categories： time, incident type, operation and the second-grade factors including eight categories： quarter, week and day time, etc. Then GILA （grey relational analysis） model is applied to calculate grey relational grades of the influential factors. The results show that the most important factor of the first-grade factors is incident type, vehicles involved and agencies involved are the major factors among the second-grade factors.

Microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis analysis in impaired glucose tolerance for the prediction of progression to diabetes mellitus

Gut microbiota and circulating metabolite dysbiosis predate important pathological changes in glucose metabolic disorders;however,comprehensive studies on impaired glucose tolerance(IGT),a diabetes mellitus(DM)precursor,are lacking.Here,we perform metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics on 47 pairs of individuals with IGT and newly diagnosed DM and 46 controls with normal glucose tolerance(NGT);patients with IGT are followed up after 4 years for progression to DM.Analysis of baseline data reveals significant differences in gut microbiota and serum metabolites among the IGT,DM,and NGT groups.In addition,13 types of gut microbiota and 17 types of circulating metabolites showed significant differences at baseline before IGT progressed to DM,including higher levels of Eggerthella unclassified,Coprobacillus unclassified,Clostridium ramosum,L-valine,L-norleucine,and L-isoleucine,and lower levels of Eubacterium eligens,Bacteroides faecis,Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3_1_46FAA,Alistipes senegalensis,Megaspaera elsdenii,Clostridium perfringens,α-linolenic acid,10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid,and dodecanoic acid.A random forest model based on differential intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites can predict the progression from IGT to DM(AUC=0.87).These results suggest that microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis occur in individuals with IGT and have important predictive values and potential for intervention in preventing IGT from progressing to DM.