变湿度条件下生土材料持水特性及气态水迁移效应试验研究

湿度变化诱发气态水迁移,进而对生土的变形和强度产生重要影响。研究变湿度条件下生土材料持水特性及气态水迁移效应是揭示服役期生土结构病害孕育机制的关键。针对法国里昂地区两种生土建筑材料,采用两种试验方法,即饱和盐溶液法和动态水蒸气吸附法开展等温吸湿试验,分析生土持水特性;通过气态水迁移效应试验,探究生土试样底部进气端和顶部出气端的湿度及水气相对压力变化规律,并对气态水迁移过程中生土试样变形进行分析。试验结果表明:两种方法测得生土吸湿曲线较为一致,可分为单层吸附阶段、多层吸附阶段和毛细凝聚阶段,并且土体持水能力随黏土颗粒活性增加而增强;在气态水迁移效应试验中,生土材料持水特性对出气端湿度与进气端水气相对压力影响明显,生土试样发生膨胀变形。

温、湿控制生土三轴试验装置的研制与应用

为研究温度和湿度对生土力学特性的影响,自主研发了温、湿控制生土三轴试验装置。基于常规三轴压力室,借助电涡流非接触位移传感器搭建高精度变形测试系统,实现环境变化下生土应变的连续性捕捉。针对法国里昂地区生土材料,开展不同湿度、围压和温度作用下生土三轴循环加载-卸载试验,实测生土在不同工况下的三轴剪切破坏强度、应力-应变曲线及体积变化,通过分析滞回曲线,研究弹性模量和残余应变随应力水平的演化特征;同时进行了变湿度条件下生土气态水迁移效应试验。结果表明:该装置能够稳定控制生土环境变化条件,模拟再现生土单元体实际服役工况,精确测量试验过程中生土力学指标及湿度、温度与压力等环境指标,初步检验了装置性能的可靠性和准确性。相关成果可为荷载-湿-热耦合作用下非饱和生土变形机制的研究与本构模型的建立提供技术支撑。

上海悬挂式地下连续墙基坑渗流侵蚀引起的沉降研究

针对土体内部渗流侵蚀现象进行分析,揭示土体内部渗流侵蚀现象。固相部分土颗粒在渗流剪切作用下由固相变成可随液相一起流动的悬浮颗粒状态,建立土体内部渗流侵蚀物理模型,推导出描述渗流侵蚀的控制方程。针对上海第三类深基坑降水致使土体内部侵蚀从而诱发地面附加沉降开展研究,以上海典型的深基坑工程为研究对象,基于理论分析的数学物理模型及控制方程,进行数值建模计算分析,数值计算结果阐释了土体内部渗流侵蚀使导致地面附加沉降及变形。

Hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall-induced fines migration process within unsaturated soils

Seepage-induced fines migration under rainfall infiltration is a main cause leading to shallow failures in loose colluvial slopes. To describe the full process of fines migration within unsaturated soils during rainfall infiltration and the associated hydromechanical behaviors, a seepage-erosion-deformation coupled formulation is proposed in this paper. The governing equations proposed are implemented into a finite element code and used to investigate the influences of skeleton deformation on the rainfall infiltration process through unsaturated soil columns.The numerical results were presented in detail for a better understanding of the rainfall-induced fines migration process within unsaturated soils. Further,the obtained results are integrated into an infinite slope model for slope stability analysis. The results show that, the skeleton deformation will affect the rainfall infiltration rate and hence the timing of slope failures; meanwhile their influences are more evident if the fines deposition process is taken into account.Moreover, the slope stability could be reduced gradually due to the soil strength loss along with loss of fine particles. Therefore, particular attentions should be paid to analyzing the stability of soil slopes susceptible to internal erosion.

土坝渗流侵蚀机制及有限元计算

针对土体内部渗流侵蚀这类特殊工程地质力学问题,系统研究土体渗流侵蚀形成机制、影响因素以及渗流侵蚀引起土体结构强度损伤的量变关系。通过分析渗流侵蚀机制,建立土体内部渗流侵蚀各组分关系,建立土体内部渗流侵蚀本构及控制方程,给出渗流侵蚀引起的土体结构强度损伤关系。以心墙坝为例,利用有限元数值计算分析方法,将所建立的控制方程进行数值计算,对渗流侵蚀进行分析。有限元数值分析计算结果很好地验证了所建立的土体内部侵蚀控制方程、侵蚀损伤弹性模量与侵蚀率之间的函数关系的正确性。