生态系统水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)连接了碳循环和水循环,是碳水耦合的重要参数。全面深入理解WUE的时空分布及其影响因素对预测陆地表面-大气相互作用和陆地生态系统的动态变化至关重要。该文基于大尺度遥感归一化植被指...生态系统水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)连接了碳循环和水循环,是碳水耦合的重要参数。全面深入理解WUE的时空分布及其影响因素对预测陆地表面-大气相互作用和陆地生态系统的动态变化至关重要。该文基于大尺度遥感归一化植被指数(normalization difference vegetation index,NDVI)以及温度和降水栅格数据,采用中分辨率成像光谱仪的总初级生产力和蒸散产品计算2000—2014年黄土高原生态系统WUE,运用岭回归探究黄土高原WUE对温度、降水和NDVI的敏感性。结果表明:1)沿西北-东南随降水量的增加,黄土高原多年均WUE逐渐降低,且黄土高原西南部高海拔地区WUE最低;同时,WUE的年际变化明显,以2011年为转折点,2012—2014年WUE明显高于其他年份。2)WUE对温度的敏感性在整个黄土高原呈现正值,WUE对降水和NDVI的敏感性存在阈值效应,即小于500mm降水量,WUE随降水和NDVI的增加而升高,超过550mm降水量,WUE则随降水和NDVI增加而降低。3)草地和灌丛WUE与NDVI正相关,森林WUE与NDVI负相关;灌丛WUE对温度和降水的敏感度明显高于森林和草地。展开更多
Stable isotopic compositions （δ18O and 6D） have been utilized as a useful indicator for evaluating the current and historical climatic and environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationshi...Stable isotopic compositions （δ18O and 6D） have been utilized as a useful indicator for evaluating the current and historical climatic and environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationship be- tween the stable isotopic contents in lake water and the variations of lake level, particularly in Lake Qinghai, China. In this study, we analyzed the variations of isotope compositions （δ18O, 6D and d-excess） in lake water and pre- cipitation by using the samples that were collected from Lake Qinghai region during the period from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the average isotopic contents of δ18O and 6D in lake water were higher than those in pre- cipitation, which were contrary to the variations of d-excess. The linear regression correlations between δ18O and 6D in lake water and precipitation showed that the local evaporative line （LEL） in lake water （δD=5.88δ18O-2.41） deviated significantly from the local meteoric water line （LMWL）in precipitation （δD=8.26δ18O＋16.91）, indicating that evaporative enrichment had a significant impact on isotopic contents in lake water. Moreover, we also quanti- fied the Eli ratio （evaporation-to-input ratio） in Lake Qinghai based on the lake water isotopic enrichment model derived from the Rayleigh equation. The changes of E/I ratios （ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 between 2009 and 2012） clearly revealed the shifts of lake levels in Lake Qinghai in recent years. The average E/I ratio of 0.40 reflected that water budget in Lake Qinghai was positive, and consistent with the rising lake levels and the increasing lake areas in many lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide some evidences for studying the hydrological balance or water budget by using δ18O values of lake sedimentary materials and contribute to the reconstruction of paleo- lake water level and paleoclimate from an isotopic enrichment model in Lake Qinghai.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130640, 91425301, 41321001, 41401057)the projects from the State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University
文摘Stable isotopic compositions （δ18O and 6D） have been utilized as a useful indicator for evaluating the current and historical climatic and environmental changes. Therefore, it is vital to understand the relationship be- tween the stable isotopic contents in lake water and the variations of lake level, particularly in Lake Qinghai, China. In this study, we analyzed the variations of isotope compositions （δ18O, 6D and d-excess） in lake water and pre- cipitation by using the samples that were collected from Lake Qinghai region during the period from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that the average isotopic contents of δ18O and 6D in lake water were higher than those in pre- cipitation, which were contrary to the variations of d-excess. The linear regression correlations between δ18O and 6D in lake water and precipitation showed that the local evaporative line （LEL） in lake water （δD=5.88δ18O-2.41） deviated significantly from the local meteoric water line （LMWL）in precipitation （δD=8.26δ18O＋16.91）, indicating that evaporative enrichment had a significant impact on isotopic contents in lake water. Moreover, we also quanti- fied the Eli ratio （evaporation-to-input ratio） in Lake Qinghai based on the lake water isotopic enrichment model derived from the Rayleigh equation. The changes of E/I ratios （ranging from 0.29 to 0.36 between 2009 and 2012） clearly revealed the shifts of lake levels in Lake Qinghai in recent years. The average E/I ratio of 0.40 reflected that water budget in Lake Qinghai was positive, and consistent with the rising lake levels and the increasing lake areas in many lakes of the Tibetan Plateau. These findings provide some evidences for studying the hydrological balance or water budget by using δ18O values of lake sedimentary materials and contribute to the reconstruction of paleo- lake water level and paleoclimate from an isotopic enrichment model in Lake Qinghai.
