Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of many solid tumors. It is well known that low molecular weight hepari...Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of many solid tumors. It is well known that low molecular weight heparins （LMWHs） can inhibit cell growth, cell invasion and angiogenesis, which are key processes in tumor progression. Methods We measured the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） in pancreatic cancer cells （PANC-1） using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting. We used an in vitro assay to evaluate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of an LMWH, Fragmin, on human lymphatic endothelial cell （HLEC） proliferation. Results Fragmin at a low concentration can effectively inhibits HLEC proliferation induced by VEGF-C. VEGF-C secreted by PANC-1 cells stimulated HLEC proliferation. Low concentration LMWH suppressed HLEC proliferation induced by VEGF-C but did not affect proliferation or VEGF-C expression of PANC-1 cells, whereas high concentrations of LMWH inhibited PANC-1 cell proliferation. Conclusions These results suggest that VEGF-C released by cancer cells plays an important role in promoting HLEC proliferation. The LMWH Fragmin has anti-lymphangiogenic effects and may inhibit lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer.展开更多
Background In the past several decades we have seen multiple advances in the reconstruction for girls born with vaginal agenesis.This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility,anatomical and functional outcome...Background In the past several decades we have seen multiple advances in the reconstruction for girls born with vaginal agenesis.This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility,anatomical and functional outcomes of one-stage laparoscopic and gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty with sigmoid colon for the patients of vaginal agenesis （Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome）.Methods We did a retrospective review of a total of 150 women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome treated at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from March 2006 to August 2010.The patients were divided into the CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic group and the abdominal wall lift of gasless laparoscopic group.Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty approaches were performed in all of the patients.The surgical techniques,perioperative results,complications,anatomical and functional outcomes of vaginoplasty were recorded.Results All procedures were performed successfully.Significant differences in the operative time and intraoperative blood loss existed in the laparoscopic vaginoplasty group compared with the gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty group.The patients who underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty had good cosmetic results without the problem of excessive mucus production.The postoperative complications were minimal.During a mean follow-up of 15.6 months,no stenosis or shrinkage was encountered.The subjective sexual satisfaction rate with the surgical outcomes in all patients was 83.3%.Conclusions Laparoscopic or gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty with sigmoid colon are effective and feasible approaches for women with congenital vaginal agenesis.The procedures have satisfactory anatomical and functional results.展开更多
Background The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge. As the laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal a...Background The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge. As the laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies, we evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment retrospectively. Methods Totally 86 patients who underwent laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during February 2004 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study. Of the 86 patients, 70 （81.4%） underwent primary operations and 16 （18.6%） secondary operations. Nineteen （22.1%） patients underwent total laparoscopic vaginoplasty and 67 （77.9%） patients underwent laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty. The operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration were compared between the two laparoscopic groups. The Student＇s t test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences. Results All the surgeries were successfully completed with no any intraoperative complication. There were three major surgical complications in the postoperative period： one case of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, one case of meatal stenosis and one case of intestinal obstruction. The mean follow-up period of this series was 18 months. Seventy-eight patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries except 5 women complaining of vaginal stenosis and 3 with no sexual partner during the follow-up. Significant differences were obtained between total laparoscopic and laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty groups, such as the operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration （P 〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in sexual function between the two groups. Conclusions The laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment is satisfactory for cosmetic, functional, and anatomic results. Vaginoplasty with an ileal segment, performed by either total laparoscopic or laparoscope-assisted techniques, has a high success rate for a functional vagina.展开更多
The final goal of quality of service （QoS） guarantees is to assure high quality of experience （QoE） for users. We cannot control QoE, but it is feasible to use QoS control schemes at lower levels to keep QoE high....The final goal of quality of service （QoS） guarantees is to assure high quality of experience （QoE） for users. We cannot control QoE, but it is feasible to use QoS control schemes at lower levels to keep QoE high. We need to know the necessary QoS parameters values which need the minimum cost but could satisfy required QoE. An enhanced method is proposed to get the necessary QoS parameters which cost minimum but could satisfy required QoE well. It abstracts the problem of obtain necessary QoS parameters to be how to get the solution of linear regression equations considering cost coefficient. The method establishes equations utilizing principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis based on normalized data. This paper defines the cost of necessary QoS and introduces the calculation of minimum cost necessary QoS parameter by inverse or generalized inverse matrix operations. The numerical example proves the normalization to be effective and the calculated values are feasible.展开更多
文摘Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of many solid tumors. It is well known that low molecular weight heparins （LMWHs） can inhibit cell growth, cell invasion and angiogenesis, which are key processes in tumor progression. Methods We measured the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C （VEGF-C） in pancreatic cancer cells （PANC-1） using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blotting. We used an in vitro assay to evaluate the anti-lymphangiogenic effect of an LMWH, Fragmin, on human lymphatic endothelial cell （HLEC） proliferation. Results Fragmin at a low concentration can effectively inhibits HLEC proliferation induced by VEGF-C. VEGF-C secreted by PANC-1 cells stimulated HLEC proliferation. Low concentration LMWH suppressed HLEC proliferation induced by VEGF-C but did not affect proliferation or VEGF-C expression of PANC-1 cells, whereas high concentrations of LMWH inhibited PANC-1 cell proliferation. Conclusions These results suggest that VEGF-C released by cancer cells plays an important role in promoting HLEC proliferation. The LMWH Fragmin has anti-lymphangiogenic effects and may inhibit lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
文摘Background In the past several decades we have seen multiple advances in the reconstruction for girls born with vaginal agenesis.This study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility,anatomical and functional outcomes of one-stage laparoscopic and gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty with sigmoid colon for the patients of vaginal agenesis （Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome）.Methods We did a retrospective review of a total of 150 women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome treated at Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University from March 2006 to August 2010.The patients were divided into the CO2 pneumoperitoneum laparoscopic group and the abdominal wall lift of gasless laparoscopic group.Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty approaches were performed in all of the patients.The surgical techniques,perioperative results,complications,anatomical and functional outcomes of vaginoplasty were recorded.Results All procedures were performed successfully.Significant differences in the operative time and intraoperative blood loss existed in the laparoscopic vaginoplasty group compared with the gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty group.The patients who underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty had good cosmetic results without the problem of excessive mucus production.The postoperative complications were minimal.During a mean follow-up of 15.6 months,no stenosis or shrinkage was encountered.The subjective sexual satisfaction rate with the surgical outcomes in all patients was 83.3%.Conclusions Laparoscopic or gasless laparoscopic vaginoplasty with sigmoid colon are effective and feasible approaches for women with congenital vaginal agenesis.The procedures have satisfactory anatomical and functional results.
文摘Background The surgical management of the absence of the vagina is a complex problem and constitutes a significant technical challenge. As the laparoscopy has been an important tool for the treatment of uterovaginal anomalies, we evaluated the feasibility of laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment retrospectively. Methods Totally 86 patients who underwent laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital during February 2004 to July 2007 were enrolled in this study. Of the 86 patients, 70 （81.4%） underwent primary operations and 16 （18.6%） secondary operations. Nineteen （22.1%） patients underwent total laparoscopic vaginoplasty and 67 （77.9%） patients underwent laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty. The operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration were compared between the two laparoscopic groups. The Student＇s t test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to examine the differences. Results All the surgeries were successfully completed with no any intraoperative complication. There were three major surgical complications in the postoperative period： one case of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, one case of meatal stenosis and one case of intestinal obstruction. The mean follow-up period of this series was 18 months. Seventy-eight patients were satisfied with their sexual lives after the surgeries except 5 women complaining of vaginal stenosis and 3 with no sexual partner during the follow-up. Significant differences were obtained between total laparoscopic and laparoscope-assisted vaginoplasty groups, such as the operation time, cost of hospitalization, and hospital duration （P 〈0.01）. There were no significant differences in sexual function between the two groups. Conclusions The laparoscopic vaginoplasty using an ileal segment is satisfactory for cosmetic, functional, and anatomic results. Vaginoplasty with an ileal segment, performed by either total laparoscopic or laparoscope-assisted techniques, has a high success rate for a functional vagina.
文摘The final goal of quality of service （QoS） guarantees is to assure high quality of experience （QoE） for users. We cannot control QoE, but it is feasible to use QoS control schemes at lower levels to keep QoE high. We need to know the necessary QoS parameters values which need the minimum cost but could satisfy required QoE. An enhanced method is proposed to get the necessary QoS parameters which cost minimum but could satisfy required QoE well. It abstracts the problem of obtain necessary QoS parameters to be how to get the solution of linear regression equations considering cost coefficient. The method establishes equations utilizing principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis based on normalized data. This paper defines the cost of necessary QoS and introduces the calculation of minimum cost necessary QoS parameter by inverse or generalized inverse matrix operations. The numerical example proves the normalization to be effective and the calculated values are feasible.
