研究了纳米银对南美白对虾苗的毒性、弧菌的杀灭能力和抑制效果,以及可能导致养殖水体和养殖对虾中的银累积。结果表明,纳米银对南美白对虾苗的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)为推荐使用浓度(0.5 mL/m^(3))的2241.54倍(1120.77 mL/m^(3)),48 h LC...研究了纳米银对南美白对虾苗的毒性、弧菌的杀灭能力和抑制效果,以及可能导致养殖水体和养殖对虾中的银累积。结果表明,纳米银对南美白对虾苗的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)为推荐使用浓度(0.5 mL/m^(3))的2241.54倍(1120.77 mL/m^(3)),48 h LC50-为推荐使用浓度的5421.70倍(2780.15 mL/m^(3))。相应的安全浓度(SC)(按0.05的应用系数)分别为96 h SC 56.04 mL/m^(3)和48 h SC 135.54 mL/m^(3)。指出,纳米银能够明显杀灭和抑制养殖水体和对虾身体的弧菌,是一种高效的疾病预防药物,但会造成养殖水体银浓度增加,并在对虾体内有一定量的累积。展开更多
为了研究一种价格低廉的新型高密度清洁复合盐水完井液,对常见的无机盐氯化钙和氯化锌使用增溶剂,提高其在水中的溶解量,来达到在不增加完井液固相含量的同时提高完井液密度的目的。通过室内实验筛选出2种增溶剂,得出2种增溶剂在2%LAS-3...为了研究一种价格低廉的新型高密度清洁复合盐水完井液,对常见的无机盐氯化钙和氯化锌使用增溶剂,提高其在水中的溶解量,来达到在不增加完井液固相含量的同时提高完井液密度的目的。通过室内实验筛选出2种增溶剂,得出2种增溶剂在2%LAS-30+2%SLF-4的用量下增溶效果最好,在该用量下2种无机盐复配后所配制的清洁盐水体系的最大密度可以达到1.926 g/cm^3,此时氯化钙的溶解量为160 g/100 m L水,氯化锌的溶解量为98 g/100 m L水。新型完井液的表观黏度为33 m Pa·s,抗温可达140℃,渗透率恢复值高达96%,保护储层性能良好。展开更多
To effectively solve the problem of lost circulation and well kick frequently occurring during the drilling of abnormally high temperature and pressure fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tazhong block, a rigid particle...To effectively solve the problem of lost circulation and well kick frequently occurring during the drilling of abnormally high temperature and pressure fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tazhong block, a rigid particle material, GZD, with high temperature tolerance, high rigidity(> 8 MPa) and low abrasiveness has been selected based on geological characteristics of the theft zones in the reservoirs. Through static pressure sealing experiments, its dosage when used alone and when used in combination with lignin fiber, elastic material SQD-98 and calcium carbonate were optimized, and the formula of a new type(SXM-I) of compound lost circulation material with high temperature tolerance and high strength was formed. Its performance was evaluated by compatibility test, static sealing experiment and sand bed plugging experiment. The test results show that it has good compatibility with drilling fluid used commonly and is able to plug fractures and vugs, the sealed fractures are able to withstand the static pressure of more than 9 MPa and the cumulative leakage is 13.4 mL. The mud filtrate invasion depth is only 2.5 cm in 30 min when the sand bed is made of particles with sizes between 10 mesh and 20 mesh. Overall, with good sealing property and high temperature and high pressure tolerance, the lost circulation material provides strong technical support for the safety drilling in the block.展开更多
文摘研究了纳米银对南美白对虾苗的毒性、弧菌的杀灭能力和抑制效果,以及可能导致养殖水体和养殖对虾中的银累积。结果表明,纳米银对南美白对虾苗的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)为推荐使用浓度(0.5 mL/m^(3))的2241.54倍(1120.77 mL/m^(3)),48 h LC50-为推荐使用浓度的5421.70倍(2780.15 mL/m^(3))。相应的安全浓度(SC)(按0.05的应用系数)分别为96 h SC 56.04 mL/m^(3)和48 h SC 135.54 mL/m^(3)。指出,纳米银能够明显杀灭和抑制养殖水体和对虾身体的弧菌,是一种高效的疾病预防药物,但会造成养殖水体银浓度增加,并在对虾体内有一定量的累积。
文摘为了研究一种价格低廉的新型高密度清洁复合盐水完井液,对常见的无机盐氯化钙和氯化锌使用增溶剂,提高其在水中的溶解量,来达到在不增加完井液固相含量的同时提高完井液密度的目的。通过室内实验筛选出2种增溶剂,得出2种增溶剂在2%LAS-30+2%SLF-4的用量下增溶效果最好,在该用量下2种无机盐复配后所配制的清洁盐水体系的最大密度可以达到1.926 g/cm^3,此时氯化钙的溶解量为160 g/100 m L水,氯化锌的溶解量为98 g/100 m L水。新型完井液的表观黏度为33 m Pa·s,抗温可达140℃,渗透率恢复值高达96%,保护储层性能良好。
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2011ZX05042-002-001)
文摘To effectively solve the problem of lost circulation and well kick frequently occurring during the drilling of abnormally high temperature and pressure fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tazhong block, a rigid particle material, GZD, with high temperature tolerance, high rigidity(> 8 MPa) and low abrasiveness has been selected based on geological characteristics of the theft zones in the reservoirs. Through static pressure sealing experiments, its dosage when used alone and when used in combination with lignin fiber, elastic material SQD-98 and calcium carbonate were optimized, and the formula of a new type(SXM-I) of compound lost circulation material with high temperature tolerance and high strength was formed. Its performance was evaluated by compatibility test, static sealing experiment and sand bed plugging experiment. The test results show that it has good compatibility with drilling fluid used commonly and is able to plug fractures and vugs, the sealed fractures are able to withstand the static pressure of more than 9 MPa and the cumulative leakage is 13.4 mL. The mud filtrate invasion depth is only 2.5 cm in 30 min when the sand bed is made of particles with sizes between 10 mesh and 20 mesh. Overall, with good sealing property and high temperature and high pressure tolerance, the lost circulation material provides strong technical support for the safety drilling in the block.
