针对软件即服务(Software as a service,SaaS)这一新兴的业务模式,分析了其特征、成本结构及客户价值,提出一个适用于该模式的价格歧视框架。该框架把价格歧视要素组织成三个层次:导向层包括价值导向及成本导向两个要素,类别层包括基于...针对软件即服务(Software as a service,SaaS)这一新兴的业务模式,分析了其特征、成本结构及客户价值,提出一个适用于该模式的价格歧视框架。该框架把价格歧视要素组织成三个层次:导向层包括价值导向及成本导向两个要素,类别层包括基于付款的、基于产品的、基于使用且考虑用量的、基于使用且不考虑用量的、基于服务的等五个类别,各类别与导向层某要素相关联,并对应到基本要素层的价格歧视基本要素。最后,采集353家SaaS厂商的价格方案数据对框架中价格歧视要素的应用情况进行分析,结果表明:本文框架能满足较全面地刻画SaaS厂商价格要素的实际需要,SaaS厂商关注的应用类型及目标企业分布十分广泛,但总体上分布不均且同质化现象明显,SaaS厂商综合使用多类价格歧视要素且成本要素不容忽视,价格要素选择与应用类型、目标企业类型间关系不明显。展开更多
Bromodomain结构域蛋白4(bromodomain-containing protein 4,BRD4)已成为治疗多种疾病药物设计的重要靶标.最近在实验上发现了几种有效的靶向BRD4的抑制剂,但具体的抑制机理尚不清楚.此工作采用分子动力学模拟,动态相关性分析和结合自...Bromodomain结构域蛋白4(bromodomain-containing protein 4,BRD4)已成为治疗多种疾病药物设计的重要靶标.最近在实验上发现了几种有效的靶向BRD4的抑制剂,但具体的抑制机理尚不清楚.此工作采用分子动力学模拟,动态相关性分析和结合自由能计算研究抑制剂8Q9和8QC与BRD4(1)的结合模式.分子动力学分析表明抑制剂结合对BRD4(1)的结构柔性产生重大影响.同时动态相关性分析进一步表明抑制剂结合极大地改变了BRD4(1)的运动模式.结合自由能计算结果表明范德华相互作用是抑制剂与BRD4(1)结合的主要驱动力.采用基于残基的自由能分解方法评估了分离残基对抑制剂结合的贡献,数据表明氢键相互作用和疏水相互作用是影响抑制剂与BRD4(1)结合的关键因素.本研究有望为设计和开发靶向BRD4的抑制剂提供有意义的理论指导.展开更多
Background Despite 100 years of research, the continued absence of well-established risk factors impedes the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome （IC/PBS）. We aimed to identify r...Background Despite 100 years of research, the continued absence of well-established risk factors impedes the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome （IC/PBS）. We aimed to identify risk factors in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） without urinary tract infection or benign prostate hyperplasia in China.Methods A total of 397 outpatients with LUTS presenting for care to urology clinics in several hospitals throughout China were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire and validated outcome measures. The definitions for painful bladder syndrome based on the O‘Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices were used. The prevalence of possible risk factors was analyzed using the Fisher＇s exact test and Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate predictive models were developed using binary Logistic regression methods.Results Of those multi-centre patients surveyed, including 174 women and 223 men, 41% （162/397） met criteria for painful bladder syndrome. There was a significant difference between women and men （55% （95/174） vs. 30% （67/223）,P 〈0.001）. Women with IC/PBS were more likely than those without IC/PBS to report a history of gynecological infections （odds ratio （OR）： 2.85; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.32-6.16, P=0.007）, intake of stimulatory foods （OR： 3.52; 95% CI：1.50-8.30; P=0.004）, irritable bowel （OR： 3.46; 95% CI： 1.22-9.80; P=0.014） and/or anorectal disease （OR： 2.68; 95% CI：1.12-6.40, P=0.023）. After adjusting for confounding factors, bladder pain was significantly associated with stimulatory foods （OR： 3.85; 95% CI： 1.58-9.36, P=0.003） and anorectal disease （OR： 2.76; 95% CI： 1.09-7.04, P=0.03） in women.Caffeine beverage intake （OR： 3.54; 95% CI： 1.54-8.12, P=0.003） was identified the only modifiable association noted in multivariate analysis of men.Conclusions We found that stimutatory foods, anorectal disease and caffeine beverages are potential risk factors for IC/PBS. Further studies are necessary to determine their role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.展开更多
Background Benign prostate hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of the aging males. Watchful waiting is an acceptable management strategy for benign prostate hyperplasia in which the pat...Background Benign prostate hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of the aging males. Watchful waiting is an acceptable management strategy for benign prostate hyperplasia in which the patient is monitored by the physician but receives no active intervention. The epidemiological data on this are lacking in China. Our study was designed to evaluate the changes of signs and symptoms of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia during management by watchful waiting in China. Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with benign prostate hyperplasia aged 〉 50 years were enrolled in management by watchful waiting. All the patients were visited every 6 months and were given an International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life questionnaire to complete. They also had uroflowmetry and were assessed using ultrasonography to get the volume of prostate, transition zone and amount of residual urine. The Student＇s t test, the Chi-square test, and variance analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Results All patients were visited after 6 months, the mean volume of transitional zone was found to have increased by 1.6 ml （P〈0.01）, International Prostate Symptom Score was increased by 0.8 （P〈0.01） and Quality of Life was increased by 0.2 （P〈0.01）, and there was no statistical change in other data. Among these patients, 17.9% （26/145） visited again after 12 months when the data failed to show a statistically significant difference among the three groups （0, 6, and 12 months）. Conclusions After one year＇s follow-up, the progression of benign prostate hyperplasia was slow and the clinical data did not undergo much change.展开更多
文摘针对软件即服务(Software as a service,SaaS)这一新兴的业务模式,分析了其特征、成本结构及客户价值,提出一个适用于该模式的价格歧视框架。该框架把价格歧视要素组织成三个层次:导向层包括价值导向及成本导向两个要素,类别层包括基于付款的、基于产品的、基于使用且考虑用量的、基于使用且不考虑用量的、基于服务的等五个类别,各类别与导向层某要素相关联,并对应到基本要素层的价格歧视基本要素。最后,采集353家SaaS厂商的价格方案数据对框架中价格歧视要素的应用情况进行分析,结果表明:本文框架能满足较全面地刻画SaaS厂商价格要素的实际需要,SaaS厂商关注的应用类型及目标企业分布十分广泛,但总体上分布不均且同质化现象明显,SaaS厂商综合使用多类价格歧视要素且成本要素不容忽视,价格要素选择与应用类型、目标企业类型间关系不明显。
文摘Bromodomain结构域蛋白4(bromodomain-containing protein 4,BRD4)已成为治疗多种疾病药物设计的重要靶标.最近在实验上发现了几种有效的靶向BRD4的抑制剂,但具体的抑制机理尚不清楚.此工作采用分子动力学模拟,动态相关性分析和结合自由能计算研究抑制剂8Q9和8QC与BRD4(1)的结合模式.分子动力学分析表明抑制剂结合对BRD4(1)的结构柔性产生重大影响.同时动态相关性分析进一步表明抑制剂结合极大地改变了BRD4(1)的运动模式.结合自由能计算结果表明范德华相互作用是抑制剂与BRD4(1)结合的主要驱动力.采用基于残基的自由能分解方法评估了分离残基对抑制剂结合的贡献,数据表明氢键相互作用和疏水相互作用是影响抑制剂与BRD4(1)结合的关键因素.本研究有望为设计和开发靶向BRD4的抑制剂提供有意义的理论指导.
文摘Background Despite 100 years of research, the continued absence of well-established risk factors impedes the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome （IC/PBS）. We aimed to identify risk factors in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms （LUTS） without urinary tract infection or benign prostate hyperplasia in China.Methods A total of 397 outpatients with LUTS presenting for care to urology clinics in several hospitals throughout China were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire and validated outcome measures. The definitions for painful bladder syndrome based on the O‘Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices were used. The prevalence of possible risk factors was analyzed using the Fisher＇s exact test and Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate predictive models were developed using binary Logistic regression methods.Results Of those multi-centre patients surveyed, including 174 women and 223 men, 41% （162/397） met criteria for painful bladder syndrome. There was a significant difference between women and men （55% （95/174） vs. 30% （67/223）,P 〈0.001）. Women with IC/PBS were more likely than those without IC/PBS to report a history of gynecological infections （odds ratio （OR）： 2.85; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.32-6.16, P=0.007）, intake of stimulatory foods （OR： 3.52; 95% CI：1.50-8.30; P=0.004）, irritable bowel （OR： 3.46; 95% CI： 1.22-9.80; P=0.014） and/or anorectal disease （OR： 2.68; 95% CI：1.12-6.40, P=0.023）. After adjusting for confounding factors, bladder pain was significantly associated with stimulatory foods （OR： 3.85; 95% CI： 1.58-9.36, P=0.003） and anorectal disease （OR： 2.76; 95% CI： 1.09-7.04, P=0.03） in women.Caffeine beverage intake （OR： 3.54; 95% CI： 1.54-8.12, P=0.003） was identified the only modifiable association noted in multivariate analysis of men.Conclusions We found that stimutatory foods, anorectal disease and caffeine beverages are potential risk factors for IC/PBS. Further studies are necessary to determine their role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
文摘Background Benign prostate hyperplasia is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of the aging males. Watchful waiting is an acceptable management strategy for benign prostate hyperplasia in which the patient is monitored by the physician but receives no active intervention. The epidemiological data on this are lacking in China. Our study was designed to evaluate the changes of signs and symptoms of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia during management by watchful waiting in China. Methods One hundred and forty-five patients with benign prostate hyperplasia aged 〉 50 years were enrolled in management by watchful waiting. All the patients were visited every 6 months and were given an International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life questionnaire to complete. They also had uroflowmetry and were assessed using ultrasonography to get the volume of prostate, transition zone and amount of residual urine. The Student＇s t test, the Chi-square test, and variance analysis were used in the statistical analysis. Results All patients were visited after 6 months, the mean volume of transitional zone was found to have increased by 1.6 ml （P〈0.01）, International Prostate Symptom Score was increased by 0.8 （P〈0.01） and Quality of Life was increased by 0.2 （P〈0.01）, and there was no statistical change in other data. Among these patients, 17.9% （26/145） visited again after 12 months when the data failed to show a statistically significant difference among the three groups （0, 6, and 12 months）. Conclusions After one year＇s follow-up, the progression of benign prostate hyperplasia was slow and the clinical data did not undergo much change.
